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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
HAPLOID CELL
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A EUKARYOTIC CELL OR ORGANISM WITH ONE OF EACH TYPE OF CHROMOSOME
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R-DETERMINANT
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A GROUP OF GENES FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE CARRIED ON R FACTORS
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TRANSFER RNA (tRNA)
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THE TYPE OF RNA MOLECULE THAT BRINGS AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOMAL SITE WHERE THEY ARE INCORPORATED INTO PROTEINS
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MISSENSE MUTATION
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A MUTATION THAT RESULTS IN THE SUBSTITUTION OF AN AMINO ACID IN A PROTEIN
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TRANSDUCTION
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THE TRANSFER OF DNA FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER BY A BACTERIOPHAGE
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CODON
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A SEQUENCE OF THREE NUCLEOTIDES IN mRNA THAT SPECIFIES THE INSERTION OF AN AMINO ACID INTO A POLYPEPTIDE
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CROSSING OVER
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THE PROCESS BY WHICH A PORTION OF ONE CHROMOSOME IS EXCHANGED WITH A PORTION OF ANOTHER CHROMOSOME
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SPONTANEOUS MUTATION
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A MUTATION THAT OCCURS WITHOUT A MUTAGEN
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INTRON
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A REGION IN A EUKARYOTIC GENE THAT DOES NOT CODE FOR A PROTEIN OR mRNA
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CONJUGATIVE PLASMID
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A PROKARYOTIC PLASMID THAT CARRIES GENES FOR SEX PILI AND FOR TRANSFER OF THE PLASMID TO ANOTHER CELL
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DNA
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THE NUCLEOTIDE OF GENETIC MATERIAL IN ALL CELLS AND SOME VIRUSES
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REPLICA PLATING
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A METHOD OF INOCULATING A NUMBER OF SOLID MINIMAL CULTURE MEDIA FROM AN ORIGINAL PLATE TO PRODUCE THE SAME PATTERN OF COLONIES ON EACH PLATE
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CATABOLIC REPRESSION
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INHIBITION OF THE METABOLISM OF ALTERNATE CARBON SOURCES BY GLUCOSE
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FRAMESHIFT MUTATION
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A MUTATION CAUSED BY THE ADDITION OR DELETION OF ONE OR MORE BASES IN DNA
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INDUCTION
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THE PROCESS THAT TURNS ON THE TRANSCRIPTION OF A GENE
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DONOR CELL
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A CELL THAT GIVES DNA TO A RECIPIENT CELL DURING GENETIC RECOMBINATION
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COREPRESSOR
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A MOLECULE THAT BINDS TO A REPRESSOR PROTEIN, ENABLING THE REPRESSOR TO BIND TO AN OPERATOR
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GENOMICS
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THE STUDY OF GENES AND THEIR FUNCTION
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BACTERIOPHAGE (PHAGE)
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A VIRUS THAT INFECTS BACTERIAL CELLS
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GENETIC CODE
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THE mRNA CODONS AND THE AMINO ACIDS THEY ENCODE
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BASE SUBSTITUTION
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THE REPLACEMENT OF A SINGLE BASE IN DNA BY ANOTHER BASE, CAUSING A MUTATION; ALSO CALLED POINT MUTATION
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HFR CELL
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A BACTERIAL CELL IN WHICH THE F FACTOR HAS BECOME INTEGRATED INTO THE CHROMOSOME; HFR STANDS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY OF RECOMBINATION
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REPRESSION
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THE PROCESS BY WHICH A REPRESSOR PROTEIN CAN STOP THE SYNTHESIS OF A PROTEIN
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POSITIVE (DIRECT) SELECTION
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A PROCEDURE FOR PICKING OUT MUTANT CELLS BY GROWING THEM
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LAGGING STRAND
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DURING DNA REPLICATION, THE DAUGHTER STRAND THAT IS SYNTHESIZED DISCONTINUOUSLY
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MUTAGEN
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AN AGENT IN THE ENVIRONMENT THAT BRINGS ABOUT MUTATIONS
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F FACTOR (FERTILITY FACTOR)
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A PLASMID FOUND IN THE DONOR CELL IN BACTERIAL CONJUGATION
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PROMOTER
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THE STARTING SITE ON A DNA STRAND FOR TRANSCRIPTION OF RNA BY RNA POLYMERASE
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TERMINATOR
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THE SITE ON A DNA STRAND AT WHICH TRANSCRIPTION ENDS
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BASE PAIRS
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THE ARRANGEMENT OF NITROGENOUS BASES IN NUCLEIC ACIDS BASED ON HYDROGEN BONDING; IN DNA, BASE PAIRS ARE A-T AND G-C; IN RNA, BASE PAIRS ARE A-U AND G-C
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RESISTANCE (R) FACTOR
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A BACTERIAL PLASMID CARRYING GENES THAT DETERMINE RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
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EXON
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A REGION OF A EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOME THAT ENCODES A PROTEIN
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GENE
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A SEGMENT OF DNA (A SEQUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDES IN DNA) ENCODING A FUNCTIONAL PRODUCT
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HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER
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TRANSFER OF GENES BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS IN THE SAME GENERATION
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DNA LIGASE
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AN ENZYME THAT COVALENTLY BONDS A CARBON ATOM OF ONE NUCLEOTIDE WITH THE PHOSPHATE OF ANOTHER NUCLEOTIDE
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DEGENERACY
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REDUNDANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE; THAT IS, MOST AMINO ACIDS ARE ENCODED BY SEVERAL CONDONS
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TRANSLATION
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THE USE OF mRNA AS A TEMPLATE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN
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GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION
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THE TRANSFER OF BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME FRAGMENTS FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER BY A BACTERIOPHAGE
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NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR (NER)
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THE REPAIR OF DNA INVOLVING REMOVAL OF DEFECTIVE NUCLEOTIDES AND REPLACEMENT WITH FUNCTIONAL ONES
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MUTATION RATE
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THE PROBABILITY THAT A GENE WILL MUTATE EACH TIME A CELL DIVIDES
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NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG
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A CHEMICAL THAT IS STRUCTURALLY SIMILAR TO THE NORMAL NUCLEOSIDES IN NUCLEIC ACIDS BUT WITH ALTERED BASE-PAIRING PROPERTIES
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INSERTION SEQUENCE (IS)
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THE SIMPLEST KIND OF TRANSPOSON
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CYCLIC AMP (cAMP)
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A MOLECULE DERIVED FROM ATP, IN WHICH THE PHOSPHATE GROUP HAS A CYCLIC STRUCTURE; ACTS AS A CELLULAR MESSENGER
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NONSENSE MUTATION
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A BASE SUBSTITUTION IN DNA THAT RESULTS IN A NONSENSE CODON
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REPRESSOR
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A PROTEIN THAT BINDS TO THE OPERATOR SITE TO PREVENT TRANSCRIPTION
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ENZYME INDUCTION
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THE PROCESS BY WHICH A SUBSTANCE CAN CAUSE THE SYNTHESIS OF AN ENZYME
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SPECIALIZED TRANSDUCTION
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THE PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING A PIECE OF CELL DNA ADJACENT TO A PROPHAGE TO ANOTHER CELL
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RNA PRIMER
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A SHORT STRAND OF RNA USED TO START SYNTHESIS OF THE LAGGING STRAND OF DNA, AND TO START THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
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MESSENGER RNA (mRNA)
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THE TYPE OF RNA MOLECULE THAT DIRECTS THE INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO PROTEINS
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NONSENSE CODON
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A CODON THAT DOES NOT ENCODE ANY AMINO ACID
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VERTICAL GENE TRANSFER
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TRANSFER OF GENES FROM AN ORGANISM OR CELL TO ITS OFFSPRING
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GENOTYPE
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THE GENETIC MAKEUP OF AN ORGANISM
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RECIPIENT CELL
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A CELL THAT RECEIVES DNA FROM A DONOR CELL DURING GENETIC RECOMBINATION
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OPERATOR
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THE REGION OF DNA ADJACENT TO STRUCTURAL GENES THAT CONTROLS THEIR TRANSCRIPTION
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PHENOTYPE
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THE EXTERNAL MANIFESTATIONS OF AN ORGANISM'S GENOTYPE, OR GENETIC MAKEUP
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AUXOTROPH
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A MUTANT MICROORGANISM WITH A NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT THAT IS ABSENT IN THE PARENT
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CONSTITUTIVE ENZYME
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AN ENZYME THAT IS PRODUCED CONTINUOUSLY
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MUTATION
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ANY CHANGE IN THE NITROGENOUS BASE SEQUENCE OF DNA
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SENSE CODON
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A CODON THAT CODES FOR AN AMINO ACID
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STRUCTURAL GENE
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A GENE THAT DETERMINES THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF A PROTEIN
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GENETICS
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THE SCIENCE OF HEREDITY
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DISSIMILATION PLASMID
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A PLASMID CONTAINING GENES ENCODING PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES THAT TRIGGER THE CATABOLISM OF CERTAIN UNUSUAL SUGARS AND HYDROCARBONS
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COMPETENCE
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THE PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE IN WHICH A RECIPIENT CELL CAN TAKE AND INCORPORATE A LARGE PIECE OF DONOR DNA
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BACTERIOCIN
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AN ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE PRODUCED BY BACTERIA THAT KILLS OTHER BACTERIA
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INDUCER
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A SUBSTANCE THAT INITIATES TRANSCRIPTION OF A GENE
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SEMICONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
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THE PROCESS OF DNA REPLICATION IN WHICH EACH DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA MOLECULE CONTAINS ONE ORIGINAL STRAND AND ONE NEW STRAND
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GENE LIBRARY
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A COLLECTION OF CLONED DNA FRAGMENTS CREATED BY INSERTING RESTRICTION ENZYME FRAGMENTS IN A BACTERIUM, YEAST, OR PHAGE
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DISSIMILATION
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A METABOLIC PROCESS IN WHICH NUTRIENTS ARE NOT ASSIMILATED BUT ARE EXCRETED AS AMMONIA, HYDROGEN SULFIDE, AND SO ON
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REPLICATION FORK
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THE POINT WHERE DNA STRANDS SEPARATE AND NEW STRANDS WILL BE SYNTHESIZED
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RESISTANCE TRANSFER FACTOR
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A GROUP OF GENES FOR REPLICATION AND CONJUGATION ON THE R FACTOR
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TRANSPOSON
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A SMALL PIECE OF DNA THAT CAN MOVE FROM ONE DNA MOLECULE TO ANOTHER
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NEGATIVE (INDIRECT) SELECTION
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THE PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING MUTATIONS BY SELECTING CELLS THAT DO NOT GROW USING REPLICA PLATING
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CARCINOGEN
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ANY CANCER-CAUSING SUBSTANCE
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TRIPLEX AGENT
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A SHORT SEGMENT OF DNA THAT BINDS TO A TARGET AREA ON A DOUBLE STRAND OF DNA BLOCKING TRANSCRIPTION
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GENOME
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ONE COMPLETE COPY OF THE GENETIC INFORMATION IN A CELL
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CONJUGATION
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THE TRANSFER OF GENETIC MATERIAL FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER INVOLVING CELL-TO-CELL CONTACT
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ANTICODON
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THE THREE NUCLEOTIDES BY WHICH A tRNA RECOGNIZES AN mRNA CODON
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TRANSFORMATION
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(1) THE PROCESS IN WHICH GENES ARE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE BACTERIUM TO ANOTHER AS "NAKED" DNA IN SOLUTION (2) THE CHANGING OF A NORMAL CELL INTO A CANCEROUS CELL
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LEADING STRAND
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DURING DNA REPLICATION, THE DAUGHTER STRAND THAT IS SYNTHESIZED CONTINUOUSLY
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LIGHT-REPAIR ENZYME
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AN ENZYME THAT SPLITS THYMINE DIMERS IN THE PRESENCE OF VISIBLE LIGHT
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OPERON
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THE OPERATOR AND PROMOTER SITES AND STRUCTURAL GENES THEY CONTROL
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TRANSCRIPTION
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THE PROCESS OF SYNTHESIZING RNA FROM A DNA TEMPLATE
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CHROMOSOME
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THE STRUCTURE THAT CARRIES HEREDITARY INFORMATION, CHROMOSOMES CONTAIN GENES
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GENETIC RECOMBINATION
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THE PROCESS OF JOINING PIECES OF DNA FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
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MITOSIS
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A EUKARYOTIC CELL REPLICATION PROCESS IN WHICH THE CHROMOSOMES ARE DUPLICATED; FOLLOWED BY DIVISION OF THE CYTOPLASM OF THE CELL
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AMES TEST
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A PROCEDURE USING BACTERIA TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS
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