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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sepsis |
Refers to microbial contamination |
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Asepsis |
Absence of significant contamination |
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Sterilization |
Removal of all microbial life |
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Disinfection |
Removal of pathogens from inanimate objects |
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Antisepsis |
Removal of pathogens from living tissue |
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Degerming |
Removal of microbes from limited area |
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Sanitation |
Lower microbial counts on eating utensils |
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Effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment depends on |
Number of microbes Environment Time of exposure Microbial characteristics |
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Actions of microbial control agents |
Altercations of membrane permeability Damage to proteins Damage to nucleus acids |
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TDP |
Total death point: lowest temperature at which all cells in culture are killed in 10mins |
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TDT |
Time to kill all cells in a culture at a given temperature |
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Moist heat denatures proteins |
Heat: boiling at 100 Celsius kills many vegetative cells and viruses in 10mins Autoclave: steam under pressure (most effective with direct contact) Pasteurization: reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens |
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Dry heat kills by oxidation |
Flaming (test tubes) Incinerating (loops for 5 sec) Hot air sterilization (oven) |
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Filtration |
Passage of liquid or gas through a filter with pores small enough to retain microbes HEPA Removes all microbes .3um and larger |
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Low temp |
Inhibits microbial growth Refrigeration 0-7 Celsius survive but do not grow Freezing: bacteria remain dormant but not killed |
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High pressure |
Denatures proteins and carbs |
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Dessication |
Prevents metabolism and growth |
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Osmotic pressure |
Causes plasmolysis |
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Disk diffusion method |
Disk of filter paper soaked with chemical and placed on agar plate. Inoculate with test bacteria. After incubation, zone of inhibition is measured. |
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The larger the zone... |
The more susceptible |
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The smaller the zone... |
The more resistant |
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The smaller the zone... |
The more resistant |
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Injury to plasma membrane |
Phenol Biguanides Alcohols Quaternary ammonium compounds |
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Oxidizing agents |
Halogens Proxygens |
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Denature proteins |
Alcohols Heavy metals Aldehydes Gaseous sterilants Qua ternary ammonium compounds |
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Inhibit metabolism |
Chemical food preservatives |
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Degerming |
Surface active agents or surfactants |
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Phenol |
Irritates skin and has disagreeable odor |
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Phenol |
Irritates skin and has disagreeable odor |
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Biguanides |
Chlorahexidine- surgical scrubs |
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Alcohols |
Dissolve lipids Ethanol and isopropanol |
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Quaternary ammonium compounds |
Most widely used surface active agent (mouthwash) |
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Quaternary ammonium compounds |
Most widely used surface active agent (mouthwash) |
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Halogens |
Chlorine, iodine (denature proteins) |
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Peroxygens |
Ozone and hydrogen peroxide |
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Heavy metals oligodynamic action |
Silver Mercury copper |
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Heavy metals oligodynamic action |
Silver Mercury copper |
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Aldehydes |
Glutaraldehyde (sterilize medical equipment) Formaldehyde |
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Gaseous sterilants |
Ethylene oxide sterilizes plastics |
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Gaseous sterilants |
Ethylene oxide sterilizes plastics |
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Chemical food preservatives |
Nitrite prevents endospore Benzoin acid soda controls bacteria and mold Organic acids effect enzymes |
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Sirfactants |
Soaps, detergents decrease surface tension |
