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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 main shapes of bacteria
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Coccus
Bacillus Spirillum |
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Coccus
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Roughly spherical
greatest variety in arrangement found in pairs and irregular clusters |
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Bacillus
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Rod shaped
sub groups- coccobacillus are short and plump vibrio- gently curved |
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Bacillus continued
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found in chains, pairs and rows. are less varied than coccus
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sprillum
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spiral shaped
ocassionally found in short chains |
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What term refers to cells that appear as bent rods?
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vibrio
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3 kingdoms that have cell wall
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plants, fungi and algae
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2 kingdoms that don't have cell walls
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protests and animal cells
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prokaryote
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one cicular chromosome
no histone no organelles peptidoglycan cell wall binary fission reproduction |
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Eukaryote
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paired chromosome
histone organelles polysaccharide cell wall mitosis reproduction |
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where is the DNA in a prokaryotic cell
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in a circular super-coiled-helix held together by a covalent bond
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Bacteria reproduce by?
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Binary fission
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structures common to all bacterial cells
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cell membrane
cytoplasm ribosome DNA |
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flagella
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DNA will determine if a cell has this. used for movement and motility
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axial filaments
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threads through the cellular membrane
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flagella movement
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run- clockwise
tumble - counterclockwise this will allow direction change |
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flagella movement continued
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negative chemotaxsis or random movements- frequent tumbles and short runs
Postive chemotaxsis or biased movements- frequent runs and short tumbles |
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Pili
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tubular structure similar to flagella nut used for conjugation (plasmids)
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Frimbriae
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bristle-likr fibers used to stick to surfaces
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virulence factors
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a characteristic of the microbe thay allows it to cause infection
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glycocalyx
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additional wall outside of the cell wall made of polysaccharides or proteins
slime layer- helps for adhering and prevents dehydration capsule layer- protects the bacteria from phagocytes |
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Biofilms
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trap nutrients, attach to surfaces and grow into masses
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What structure protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis?
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capsule layer
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cell envelope
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cell wall and cell membrane
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gram positive
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one layer of peptidoglycan and it's unique to bacteria
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gram negative
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one layer of peptidoglycan and one outer layer of LPS
these are more resistant to antibiotics than gram positive because the LPS layer is hydrophobic and drugs are hydrophilic |
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cell wall
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determines shape
protects |
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hypotonic solution
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more solute inside the cell than outside. cell will take on water. osmotic lysis
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hypotonic solution
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more solution outside the cell than inside the cell, cell only has a little water
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What substance makes up the framework of the prokaryotic cell wall
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peptidoglycan
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mycoplasm
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lack a cell wall
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electron transport chain
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prokaryotic- embedded in cell membrane
eukaryotic- embedded in mitochondria |
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plasmids
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nonessential pieces of DNA
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Ribosomes
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functional in protein synthesis
ribosomal RNA make up ribosomes Mrna decodes into ribosomes |
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70s and 80s ribosomes
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70s found in mitochondria and prokaryotes
80s found in eukaryotes, rough ER and cytoplasm |
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where would you find the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell
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nucleoid
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inclusion bodies
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storage molecules
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3 bacteria that produce endospores
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bacillus, clostridium and sporosarcina
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endospores developed when?
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when cells are depleted of nutrients
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