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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flagella |
Long whip like projections that are used for locomotion Move in a wave like pattern |
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Cilia |
Shorter, more numerous projections used for movement |
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Cell walls of algae |
Consist of cellulose |
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Cell walls of fungi |
Primarily consists of chitin |
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Chitin |
A polysaccharide Polymer of NAG subunits |
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Cell walls of protozoans |
Do not have cell walls, but instead have a flexible outer protein covering called the pellicle |
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Characteristics of the Eukaryotic Cell Membrane |
Similar fluid mosaic model as is observed in prokaryotes Same functions |
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Endocytosis |
When a segment of the plasma membrane surrounds a particle or large molecule and brings it into the cell |
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Phagocytosis |
Cellular projections called pseudopods engulf food particles and bring them into the cell |
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Pinocytosis |
Membrane folds inward, bringing extracellular fluid into the cell (along with whatever else is dissolved in the fluid) |
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Cytoplasmic Streaming |
Cytoplasm is moved from one side of the cell to the other in order to distribute nutrients and aid in movement |
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Ribosomes |
Site of protein synthesis |
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Kinds of ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells |
80S Ribosomes 70S Ribosomes |
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80S Ribosomes |
- Larger than bacterial 70S ribosomes - Membrane bound (attached to endoplasmic reticulum) or free (in cytoplasm) |
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70S Ribosomes |
Like those in bacteria Found in chloroplasts and mitochondria |
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Organelles found in eukaryotic cells |
1.Nucleus 2. Nuclear envelope 3. Nuclear pores 4. Nucleolus 5. Endoplasmic reticulum 6. Golgi complex 7. Lysosomes 8. Vacuoles 9. Centrosome 10. Miochondrion 11. Chloroplast |
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Nucleus |
Contains chromatin and chromosomes (DNA wrapped around proteins called histones) |
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Nuclear envelope |
Double membrane surrounding the nucleus |
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Nuclear pores |
Openings that allow for substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm |
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Nucleolus |
Condensed regions where ribosomal RNA is made |
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Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Rough ER Smooth ER |
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Rough ER |
Studded with ribosomes Proteins that are meant for membranes or secretion are synthesized, processed, and stored in the ER |
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Smooth ER |
No ribosomes Synthesizes phospholipids and other specialized functions |
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Golgi Complex |
- Membrane formation and secretion - Shipping center of the cell - Proteins made by rough ER enter, are put in vesicles, and sent on their way |
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Vesicles |
Small membranous sacs |
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Lysosomes |
Membrane sacs that contain digestive enzymes for breaking various substances down |
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Vacuoles |
Large spaces or cavity that some cells have for storing water and other substances Plant cell vacuoles can take up 90% of the cell volume |
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Centrosome |
Region of the cell where mitosis is organized |
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Mitochondrion |
-Carries out cellular respiration -Produces large amounts of ATP - Inner membrane is arranged in a series of folds called cristae |
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Chloroplast |
Carries out photosynthesis in algae and plants Contain chlorophyll filled sacs called thylakoids |
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Endosymbiotic theory |
This theory offers an explanation of the evolution of Eukaryotes and their membrane bound organelles: 1. Nucleus + ER arose from membrane folding around DNA 2. Mitochondria are remnants of aerobic bacteria that was engulfed 3. Chloroplasts are the remnants of a cyanobacteria that was engulfed |
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Evidence for endosymbiotic theory |
1. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA in circular chromosome and reproduce on their own, much like bacteria 2. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have 70S ribosomes, just like bacteria 3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a similar size and shape as bacteria 4. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane |
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Significance of the double membrane within mitochondria and chloroplasts in relation to endosymbiotic theory |
Inner membrane represents your original membrane of the bacteria Outer membrane represents the membrane put around the bacteria when it was originally phagocytized |
