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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is metabolism?
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1. collection of controlled biochemical reaction at take place within a microbe 2. Ultimate function of metabolism is to reproduce the organism 3. Guided by 8 rules. |
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8 rules of metabolism
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1. acquire nutrients from environment 2. break down nutrients use light NRG 3. NRG stored as ATP 4. Nutrients-precursor metabolites 5. Anabolic-precursor + NRG(ATP) + enzymes 6. Macromolec- enzymes+NRG(ATP) 7. Growth-multiple macromolec 8. reproduce when 2x size |
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Catabolic pathway
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1. break larger molecules in smaller products 2. exergonic (cell store some of it release energy) 3. ADP+NRG=ATP |
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Anabolic pathway
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1. synthesize large molecule from the smaller products of catabolism 2. endergonic (require more energy than they release) 3. ATP-ADP+NRG |
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catalysts
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-increase the likelihood of a reaction -enzymes: organic catalysts exp: baking soda it causes the cake to rise |
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enzymes end in ___
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ase
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Name the six catagories of enzymes
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1. hydrolases 2. lsomerases 3. ligases or polymerases 4. lyases 5. oxidoreductases 6. transferases |
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hydrolases
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catabolize molecules by adding water in a decomposition process known as hydrolysis. Hydrolases are used primarily in the depolymerization of marcromolecules |
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Isomerases
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rearrange the atoms within a molecule but do not add or remove anything (so they are neither catabolic nor anabolic
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lagases or polymerases
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join two molecule together (and are thus anabolic ). They often use energy supplied by ATP. |
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lyases
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it split large molecule (and are thus catabolic) without using water in the process.
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oxidoreductases
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remove electrons from (oxidize) or add electrons to (reduce) various substrates. They are used in both catabolic and anabolic pathway
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transferases
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transfer functional groups, such as amino group (NH2), a phosphate group, or two carbon (acetyl) group, between molecules. Transferases can be anabolic.
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apoenzymes
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Are protein component
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cofactor and coenzymes are the same true of false |
true
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cofactor or coenzymes
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are inorganic ion and organic molecule
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name some inorganic ion
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iron, magnesium, zinc or copper ions.
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enzymes does what to NRG
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It lower activationNRG
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Active site
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1. is were substrate fit into enzymes-substrate specificity 2. has a lock and key 3. induced fit model changes shape slightly when the substrate bind |
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Will protein break down once it reach it optimal level. True or false
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true
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factors that effect enzymes chemistry
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1. Temperture- increase temp will increase enzymes activity but only to a certain optimal temperature. 2. Ph- optimal 3. substrate increase substrate increase enzymes activity 4. inhibitors (blocking) |
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type of inhibitors
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1. competitive inhibitor 2. non competitive inhibitor |
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competitive inhibitors
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- shaped to fit into an enzymes's active site and prevent the normal substrate from binding - no chemical reaction to form products -can bind permanently or reversibly |
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type of non-competitive inhibitors
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1. allosteric inhibitor 2. excitatory allosteric activation |
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allosteric inhibitor
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will bind to another site on enzymes, changes active site, substrate can't bind
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excitatory allosteric activation
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bind another site change active site, no substrate can bind |