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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is metabolism?

1. collection of controlled biochemical reaction at take place within a microbe


2. Ultimate function of metabolism is to


reproduce the organism


3. Guided by 8 rules.

8 rules of metabolism

1. acquire nutrients from environment


2. break down nutrients use light NRG


3. NRG stored as ATP


4. Nutrients-precursor metabolites


5. Anabolic-precursor + NRG(ATP) + enzymes


6. Macromolec- enzymes+NRG(ATP)


7. Growth-multiple macromolec


8. reproduce when 2x size

Catabolic pathway

1. break larger molecules in smaller products


2. exergonic (cell store some of it release energy)


3. ADP+NRG=ATP

Anabolic pathway

1. synthesize large molecule from the smaller products of catabolism


2. endergonic (require more energy than they release)


3. ATP-ADP+NRG

catalysts

-increase the likelihood of a reaction


-enzymes: organic catalysts


exp: baking soda it causes the cake to rise

enzymes end in ___
ase
Name the six catagories of enzymes

1. hydrolases


2. lsomerases


3. ligases or polymerases


4. lyases


5. oxidoreductases


6. transferases

hydrolases

catabolize molecules by adding water in a decomposition process known as hydrolysis.


Hydrolases are used primarily in the


depolymerization of marcromolecules

Isomerases
rearrange the atoms within a molecule but do not add or remove anything (so they are neither catabolic nor anabolic
lagases or polymerases

join two molecule together (and are thus


anabolic ). They often use energy supplied by ATP.

lyases
it split large molecule (and are thus catabolic) without using water in the process.
oxidoreductases
remove electrons from (oxidize) or add electrons to (reduce) various substrates. They are used in both catabolic and anabolic pathway
transferases
transfer functional groups, such as amino group (NH2), a phosphate group, or two carbon (acetyl) group, between molecules. Transferases can be anabolic.
apoenzymes
Are protein component

cofactor and coenzymes are the same


true of false

true
cofactor or coenzymes
are inorganic ion and organic molecule
name some inorganic ion
iron, magnesium, zinc or copper ions.
enzymes does what to NRG
It lower activationNRG
Active site

1. is were substrate fit into enzymes-substrate specificity


2. has a lock and key


3. induced fit model changes shape slightly when the substrate bind

Will protein break down once it reach it optimal level. True or false
true
factors that effect enzymes chemistry

1. Temperture- increase temp will increase


enzymes activity but only to a certain optimal temperature.


2. Ph- optimal


3. substrate increase substrate increase


enzymes activity


4. inhibitors (blocking)

type of inhibitors

1. competitive inhibitor


2. non competitive inhibitor

competitive inhibitors

- shaped to fit into an enzymes's active site and prevent the normal substrate from binding


- no chemical reaction to form products


-can bind permanently or reversibly

type of non-competitive inhibitors

1. allosteric inhibitor


2. excitatory allosteric activation

allosteric inhibitor
will bind to another site on enzymes, changes active site, substrate can't bind
excitatory allosteric activation

bind another site change active site, no


substrate can bind