Ch. 5

Front 1

System unit (system chassis)

Back 1

Contains electronic components

Front 2

The most common personal computers are

Back 2

Desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphones, and wearable computers

Front 3

Desktop system units

Back 3

Are located in a separate case

Front 4

Tower unit (tower computer)

Back 4

Has a vertical system unit

Front 5

All-in-one computer

Back 5

Combines system unit and monitor

Front 6

Laptop

Back 6

Contain secondary storage devices and input devices

Front 7

Speciality laptops

Back 7

Include two-in-one laptops (touch screen and fold flat)

Gaming laptops- high end graphics and fast processors

Ultrabooks- (ultraportables) and mini notebooks- lighter thinner and longer lasting battery

Front 8

Tablet system units are located

Back 8

Behind the monitor

Front 9

Wearable computers (wearable devices)

Back 9

Contain an embedded computer chip. Most common are smart watches and activity tracker

Front 10

Each type of system unit has the same basic components including

Back 10

System board, microprocessor, and memory

Front 11

System board (mainboard or motherboard)

Back 11

Controls all communication for the computer system

Front 12

Sockets

Back 12

Provide connection points for chips (silicon chips, semiconductors, integrated circuits).

Front 13

Chips

Back 13

Are mounted on chip carriers

Front 14

Slots

Back 14

Provide connection points for specialized cards or circuit boards

Front 15

Bus lines

Back 15

Provide pathways to support communication

Front 16

The central processing unit (CPU) or processor

Back 16

Is contained on a single chip called the microprocessor- which has two basic components: a control unit and ALU

Front 17

A word is:

Back 17

The number of bits that can be accessed by the microprocessor at one time

Front 18

Clock speed represents

Back 18

The number of times the CPU can fetch and process data or instructions in a second

Front 19

Multi core processors

Back 19

Can provide multiple independent CPUs

Front 20

Parallel processing

Back 20

Requires programs that allow multiple processors to work together to run large complex programs

Front 21

Speciality processors include

Back 21

Graphics coprocessors, also known as GPU or graphics processing unit

Front 22

Memory

Back 22

Holds data, instructions, and information, of which there are three types

RAM (random access memory)- temporary or volatile storage because their contents are lost if power is disrupted

ROM (read-only memory)- nonvolatile storage and control essential system operations

Flash memory- does not lose its content when power is removed

Front 23

Cache memory

Back 23

Is a high-speed holding area for frequently used data information

Front 24

DIMM (dual in-line memory module)

Back 24

is used to expand memory

Front 25

Virtual memory

Back 25

Divides large programs into parts that are read into RAM as needed

Front 26

Expansion slots

Back 26

Allow users to expand their systems on their system board by accepting expansion cards

Front 27

Expansion cards include

Back 27

Graphics cards, network interface cards (NIC; network adapter cards) and wireless network cards

Front 28

SD cards

Back 28

Fingernail-size expansion cards used for laptops, tablets, and phones

Front 29

Bus lines also known as buses

Back 29

Provide data pathways that connect various system components

Front 30

Bus width

Back 30

Is the number of bits that can travel simultaneously

Front 31

System buses

Back 31

Connect CPU and memory.

Front 32

Expansion buses

Back 32

Connect CPU and slots

Front 33

3 principle expansion bus types:

Back 33

USB (universal serial bus)-can connect from one USB device to another or to a common point (hub) and then onto the system board

FireWire bus- similar to USB but more specialized

PCI Express (PCIe) bus- widely used, provides a single dedicated path for each connected device

Front 34

Ports

Back 34

Are connected sockets on the outside of the system unit

Front 35

Four standard ports are

Back 35

USB (universal serial bus)- used to connect keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices; one port can connect several devices to system unit

HDMI (high definition multimedia interface)- provides high-definition video and audio

Ethernet- high-speed networking port that has become a standard for many of today’s computers

Front 36

Five specialized ports are

Back 36

eSATA ( external serial advanced technology attachment)- for high-speed connections to large secondary storage devices

MIDI- for digital music

Mini DisplayPort (MiniDP, mDP)- for large monitors

VGA (Video Graphics Adapter) and DVI (Digital Video Interface)- for connecting monitors and FireWire

Front 37

Cables

Back 37

Used to connect external devices to the system unit via ports

Front 38

Power supply units convert

Back 38

AC to DC and power desktops

Front 39

AC adaptors

Back 39

Power laptops and tablets and recharge batteries. Some use wireless charging platforms

Front 40

Analog

Back 40

Used by human voices to create continuous signals

Front 41

Digital

Back 41

Only computers recognize digital electronic signals

Front 42

Data and instructions can be represented electronically with a

Back 42

Two-state or binary system of numbers (0 and 1)

Each 0 and 1 is called a bit

Front 43

A byte

Back 43

Consists of 8 bits

Front 44

Hexadecimal system (hex)

Back 44

uses 16 digits to represent binary numbers

Front 45

Character encoding standards assign unique sequences of bits to each character. Three standards are:

Back 45

ASCII- American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Historically used for personal computers

EBCDIC- Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. Historically uses for mainframe computers

Unicode- 16-bit code, mostly widely used standard

Front 46

Computer technician

Back 46

Repair and install computer components and systems