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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antibiotics
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antimicrobial drugs produced by microorganisms
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synthetic drugs
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antimicrobial drugs synthesized in the lab
antibacterial synthetic drugs antifungal synthetic drugs antiviral agents |
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Alexander Fleming
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noticed that S. aureus did not gro waround a colony of mold on agar
mold was Pennicillium notatum isolated the inhibitory substance and called it pennicilin (unstable) took 12 more years of work to grow and purify significant amount! |
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Penicillin
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antibiotic
produced by an organism against anotehr organism |
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antibiosis
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against life
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selective toxicity
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drug should selectively kill or prevent growth of a pathogen, but not of host cells
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narrow spectrum drugs
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affect only Gram + cells or only Gram -
may only affect microbacteria |
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Broad spectrum drugs
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affect both Gram + and Gram - cells
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Action of antimicrobial drugs
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inhibition of cell wall/proten synthesis
injure plasma membrane inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis inhibition of synthesis of essential metabolites |
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inhibition of cell wall synthesis
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preventing cross linking of peptidoglycan units
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inhibition of protein synthesis
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due to differences in ribosomes
chloramphenicol and erythromycin toxicity is a problem |
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injury to plasma membrane
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bind to membrane, alter permeability, and cause leakage - polymyxin B
bind to sterols in membrane and distrupt amphotericin B |
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stopping DNA replication
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many antiviral drugs
AZT |
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stopping RNA synthesis
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rifampin, quinilones, fluroquinilones (cipro)
high toxicity broad spectrm |
