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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antibiotics
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Antimicrobial substances produced by microorganisms.
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microorganisms
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Antimicrobial substances produced by ___________.
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Major Genera
(sources of true antibiotics) |
1. Penicillium (fungi)
2. Cephalosporin (fungi) 3. Streptomyces (actinomycetes) 4. Micromonospora (actinomycetes) 5. Bacillus (Gram + bacteria) |
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1. Penicillium (fungi)
2. Cephalosporin (fungi) 3. Streptomyces (actinomycetes) 4. Micromonospora (actinomycetes) 5. Bacillus (Gram + bacteria) |
What are the major genera of antibiotics?
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fungi
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What type of organism is Penicillium?
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fungi
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What type of organism is Cephalosporin?
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actinomycetes
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What type of organism is Streptomyces?
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actinomycetes
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What type of organism is Micromonospora?
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gram + bacteria
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What type of bacteria is Bacillus? (+ or -)
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Bacteriostatic
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Inhibit the growth of bacteria.
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Bacteriocidal
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Kills bacteria
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Narrow-spectrum
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Affect only a select group of microbes.
Usually preferred don't want to kill normal flora. |
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Broad-spectrum
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Affect large numbers of bacteria (gram + and -)
kills normal flora |
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Superinfection
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Overgrowth by a resistant organism.
takes place in broad-spectrum Must finish all medication or this will happen. |
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Modes of action
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1. Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
2. Inhibition of protein synthesis 3. Injury to the plasma membrane 4. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 5. Inhibition of the synthesis of essential metabolites. |
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1. Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
2. Inhibition of protein synthesis 3. Injury to the plasma membrane 4. Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 5. Inhibition of the synthesis of essential metabolites. |
What are the modes of action? OR How do microbial agents work?
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Mechanism of resistance
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1. Ability to destroy the antimicrobial agent
2. Prevent penetration of the antimicrobial agent (not allowing to bind) 3. Alteration of target structure 4. Active transport (efflux pumps) |
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1. Ability to destroy the antimicrobial agent
2. Prevent penetration of the antimicrobial agent (not allowing to bind) 3. Alteration of target structure 4. Active transport (efflux pumps) |
What are the mechanisms of resistance against antimicrobial agents?
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efflux pumps
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In the mechanisms of resistance against antimicrobial agents, what are the pumps called that are involved in active transport?
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Control of resistance
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1. Administer effective dose and finish the complete dosage.
2. Avoid using outdated, weakened antibiotics 3. Eliminate indiscriminate use 4. Combined therapy: two or more antibiotics given simultaneously. |
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1. Administer effective dose and finish the complete dosage.
2. Avoid using outdated, weakened antibiotics 3. Eliminate indiscriminate use 4. Combined therapy: two or more antibiotics given simultaneously. |
How do we hope to control resistance?
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Administer
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__________ effective dose and finish the complete dosage.
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Combined therapy
Beta lactamase |
_______ __________: two or more antibiotics given simultaneously.
synergistic eg. penicillin and streptomycin Avoid antagonistic: eg. Penicillin and Tetracycline. Combine an antibiotic with a __-_________ inhibitor |
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Augmentin
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What is the Beta lactamase inhibitor used to combine antibiotics?
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Augmentin
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Amoxicillin combined with Potassium clavulanate.
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b-lactam rings
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What do all cillins have in common?
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