Micro - Antibiotics

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Sulfanilamide

Back 1

PABA analog. Competitively inhibits a folic acid synthesizing enzyme. The action of sulfanilamide is reversible, thus it is bacteriostatic. (Antimetabolite)

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Trimethoprim

Back 2

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Synergism with sulfonamides. (Antimetabolite)

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Isoniazid

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Specific against TB, and probably acts by interfering with mycolic acid synthesis, specifically by inhibiting InhA, essential for FA elongation. (Antimetabolite)

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Penicillin

Back 4

Inactivate transpeptidases responsible for cross linking peptidoglycans. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Penicillin G

Back 5

Sensitive to penicillinase, limited spectrum, effective against G+ and G- cocci but not G- enterics. Acid labile. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Penicillin V

Back 6

Sensitive to penicillinase, limited spectrum, effective against G+ and G- cocci but not G- enterics. Relatively acid-stable. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

Front 7

Ampicillin

Back 7

Sensitive to penicillinase, broader spectrum, typically aminopenicillins. Acid stable. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

Front 8

Amoxicillin

Back 8

Same as ampicillin but higher serum levels. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Ticarcillin

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Sensitive to penicillinase, extended spectrum; it is a carboxypenicillin. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Piperacillin

Back 10

A ureidopenicillin, the most effective one against G- enteric bacilli, including anaerobes. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Methicillin

Back 11

Resistant to penicillinase. Antistaphylococcal. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Oxacillin

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Resistant to penicillinase. Antistaphylococcal. Available orally. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Cephalosporins

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Broad spectrum bactericidal agents. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Aztreonam

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Beta-lactam, but otherwise not similar to penicillin. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Imipenem

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Beta-lactam, but otherwise not similar to penicillin. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Clavulanic acid

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Beta-lactamase inhibitor. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Sulbactam

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Beta-lactamase inhibitor. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Augmentin

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Combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Vancomycin

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Glycopeptide. Binds R-D-ala-D-ala structures, like petidoglycan precursors.

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Cycloserine

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D-ala analog. (Cell wall synthesis inhibitor)

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Bacitracin

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Inactivates the phosphatase responsible for regenerating the active form of the carrier lipid in murein (peptidoglycan) precursor synthesis.

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Polymyxin B

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Causes membrane leakage. Anti-fungal. (Affects membrane permeability)

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Streptomycin

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Aminoglycoside. Bactericidal. Binds to 30S subunit. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Gentamicin

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Aminoglycoside. Bactericidal. Binds to 30S subunit. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Tetracycline

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Blocks binding of aminoacyl-RNA to 30S subunit. Bacteriostatic. Broad spectrum. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Erythromycin

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Inhibits 50S subunit. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Azithromycin

Back 27

Inhibits 50S subunit. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Chloramphenicol

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Inhibits 50S subunit. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Clindamycin

Back 29

Inhibits 50S subunit (peptidyl transfer). (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Oxazolidinones

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Inhibits both 30S and 50S subunits. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Streptogramins

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Binds 50S subunit. New class. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Dalfopristin

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Streptogramin. Binds 50S subunit. New class. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Quinupristin

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Streptogramin. Binds 50S subunit. New class. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Synergin

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Combination of Dalfopristin and Quinupristin. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Mupirocin

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Binds a specific tRNA synthetase. (Protein synthesis inhibitor)

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Ciprofloxacin

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DNA gyrase inhibitor (DNA replication inhibitor)

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Metronidazole

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Binds and causes fragmentation of DNA. (DNA replication inhibitor)

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Rifampin

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Binds beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase, inhibiting specific binding to DNA. (RNA synthesis inhibitor)

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Ethambutol

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Bacteriostatic against TB. Mechanism unknown

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Pyrazinamide

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Bactericidal against TB. Mechanism unknown

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Amphotericin B

Back 41

Polyene compound that binds to ergosterols in fungal cell membrane. (Antifungal)

Front 42

Nystatin

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Polyene compound that binds to ergosterols in fungal cell membrane. (Antifungal)

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Flucanazole

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Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450. Fungistatic effect. (Inhibits cell membrane synthesis)

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Ketconazole

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Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450. Fungistatic effect. (Inhibits cell membrane synthesis)

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Caspofungin

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Inhibits glucan synthesis. (Fungal cell wall inhibitor)

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Flucytosine

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Fungal antimetabolite

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This antibiotic is inhibited under anaerobic or acidic conditions

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Streptomycin

Front 48

In contrast to cell-wall inhibitors, this antibiotic is effective in non-dividing cell populations

Back 48

Polymyxin B