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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fracastoro
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1546 suggests that invisible organisms case disease
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Jansen
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1590 - 1608 develops the first compound microscope
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Leeuwenhoek
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1676 discovers "animacules"
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Redi
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1688 publishes work on spontaneous generation of maggots
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Spallanzani
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1765 - 1776 attacks spontaneous generation
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Müller
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1786 produces first classification of bacteria
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Jenner
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1798 introduces cowpox vaccination for smallpox
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Schwann and Schleiden
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1838 - 1839 proposed Cell Theory
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Bassi
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1835 - 1844 discovers silkworm disease caused by fungus and proposes that many diseases originate from microbial origin
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Semmelweis
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1847 - 1850 shows that childbed fever is transfered by physicians and introduces antiseptics to prevent disease
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Snow
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1849 studies the epidemiology of cholera epidemic in London
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Pasteur
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1857 lactic acid fermentation is due to microorganisms
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Virchow
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1858 states that all cells come from cells
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Pasteur
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1861 shows that microorganisms do not arise by spontaneous generation
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Lister
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1867 publishes work on antiseptic surgery
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Miescher
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1869 discovers neucleic acids
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Koch
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1876 - 1877 demonstrates that anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis
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Laveran
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1880 discovers Plasmodium, the cause of malaria
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Koch
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1881 cultures bacteria on gelatin
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Pasteur
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1881 develops anthrax vaccine
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Koch
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1882 discovers tubercle bacillus, Myobacterium tuberculosis
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Koch's postulates
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1884 first published
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Methnikoff
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1884 describes phagocytosis
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autoclave developed
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1884
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gram stain developed
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1884
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Pasteur
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1885 developes the rabies vaccine
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Escherich
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1885 discovers Eschericia coli, a cause of dirrhea
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Fraenkel
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1886 discovers Streptococcus pneumoniae, a cause for pneumonia
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Petri
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1887 developed the petri dish
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Winogradsky
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1887 - 1890 studies sulfer and nitrifying bacteria
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Beijerinck
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1889 isolates root nodule bacteria
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Von Behring
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1890 prepares antitoxins fotr diptheria and tetanus
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Ivanowsky
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1892 provides evidence fot a virus causation of tobacco mosaic disease
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Kitasato and Yersin
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1894 discover Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague
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Bordet
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1895 discovers complement
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Van Ermengem
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1896 discovers Clostridium botulinum, the cause of botulism
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Buchner
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1897 prepares extract of yeast that ferments
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Ross
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1897 shows that the malaria parasite is carried by the mosquito
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Beijernck
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1899 proves that a virus particle caused the tobacco mosaic disease
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Reed
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1900 proves that the yellow fever is transmitted by the mosquito
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Landsteiner
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1902 discovers blood groups
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Wright and others
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1903 discover antibodies in the blood of immunizes animals
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Schaudinn and Hoffmann
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1905 show that Treponema pallidum cause syphilis
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Wasseremann
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1906 developes complement fixation test for syphilis
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Ricketts
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1909 shows that Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by ticks and caused by a microbe (Rickettsia rickettsii
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Ehrlich
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1910 develops cherotherapeutic agent for syphilis
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Rous
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1911 discovers a virus that causes cancer in chickens
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D'Herelle and Twort
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1915 - 1917 discover bacterial viruses
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Fleming
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1921 discovers lysozyme
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Bergey's manual
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1923 first edition
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Griffith
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1928 discovers bacterial transformations
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Fleming
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1929 discovers penicillin
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Van Niel
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1931 shows that photosynthetic bacteria use reduced compounds as electron donors without producing oxygen
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Ruska
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1933 developes first transmission electron microscope
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Stanly
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1935 crystallizes the tobacco mosaic virus
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Domagk
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1935 discovers sulfa drugs
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Chatton
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1937 divides living organisms into procaryotes and eucaryotes
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Beadle and Tatum
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1941 proposed the one - gene - one -enzyme hypothosis
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Avery
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1944 shows that DNA carries information during transformation
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Waksman
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1944 discovers streptomycin
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Lederberg and Tatum
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1946 describe bacterial conjugation
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Enders, Weller, and Robbins
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1949 grow poliovirus in human tissue cultures
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Lwoff
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1950 induces lysogenic bacteriophages
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Hershey and Chase
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1952 show that bacteriophages inject DNA into host cell
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Zinder and Lederberg
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1952 Discover generalized transduction
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Phase - contrast microscope
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1953 developed
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Medawar
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1953 discovers immune tolerance
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Watson and Crick
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1955 propose the double helix structure of DNA
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Jacob and Wollman
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1955 discover the F factor is a plasmid
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Jerne and Burner
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1955 propose the clonal selection theory
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Yalow
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develops the radioimmunoassay technique
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Jacob and Monod
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1961 propose the operon model of gene regulation
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Nirenberg, Khorana, and others
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1961 - 1966 elucidate the genetic code
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Porter
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1962 proposes the basic structure for immunoglobulin G
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First quinolone antimicrobial (nalidixic acid) synthesized
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1962
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Arber and Smith
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1970 discover restriction endonucleases
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Temin and Baltimore
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1970 discovery of reverse transcriptasein retroviruses
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ames
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developes a bacterial assay for the detectioon of mutagens
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Cohen, Boyer, Chang, and Helling
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1973 used plasmid vectors to clone genes in bacteria
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Kohler and Milstein
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1975 develop techniques for the production of monoclonal antibodies
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Lyme disease discovered
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1975
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Woese and Fox
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1977 recognition of archea as a distinct microbial group
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Gilbert and Sanger
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1977 develop techniqued for DNA sequencing
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Insulin synthesized using recombinant DNA techniques
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1979
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Smallpox declared official eliminated
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1979
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Scanning tunneling microscope
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1980 developed
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Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine
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1982 developed
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Cech and Altman
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1982 - 1983 discovered catalytic RNA
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Gallo and Mintagnier
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1983 - 1984 Human immunodeficiency virus isolated
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Mullis
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1983 - 1984 polymerase chain reaction
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First vacine produced by genetic engineering approved for human use
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1986 hepatitus B vaccine
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First human gene - therapy testing begun
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1990
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First human trials of antisense therapy
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1992
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Chickenpox vacciine approved fot U.S. use
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1995
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Haemophilus influenzae genome sequenced
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1995
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Methanococcus jannaschii genome sequenced
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1996
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Yeast genome sequenced
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1996
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Discovery of Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest bacterium
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1997
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Escherichia coli genome sequenced
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1997
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Discovery that Vibro cholerae has two seperate chromosomes
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2000
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Infectious poliovirus synthesis from basic chemical buildiing blocks
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2002
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Genome of maleria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum sequenced
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2002
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Microbiology
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the study of organisms which are to small to see Microorganisms
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ecosystem
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all the components of life living together
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ecology
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the science of the ecology also called bionomics
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Spontaneous generation
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livingn organisms can come from non - living material
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four humors
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blood, phlegm, yellow bile (cholor), and black bile (melancholy)
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miasmas
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poisonous vapors believed to cause disease
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pèbrine disease
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disease to the silkworm industry
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Koch's Postulates
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1. The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but in the absent from healthy organisms
2. The suspect microorganisn must be isolated and grown in a pure culture 3. The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host 4. The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host |
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hypothosis
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educated guess
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theory
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set of propositions and concepts that provide a reliable account of something in nature
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prokaryotic
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organisms with a non enclosed nucleus
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eucaryotic cells
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organisms which have a membrane bound neucleus
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