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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most modern antibiotics come from organisms living in ____________ |
soil |
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desirable toxicity to microbes |
selective toxicity |
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ratio that reflects the toxicity of antimicrobial drug |
therapeutic index |
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high therapeutic index (HTV) = ________ toxic to patient |
less |
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mech of action -interfere with peptidoglycan |
cell wall synth inhibition |
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this drug inhibits enzymes that form peptide bridges in PTG synthesis -only effective against growing cells |
Beta-lactam family |
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___________ core is Beta-lactam ring |
penicillin |
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3 cell wall synth drugs b v bac |
beta lactam vancomycin bacitracin |
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mech of action drug -exploit difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes |
Inhibition of protein synth |
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Anti micro drug family that include -streptomycin -works well with B-lactams -bactericidal |
ahminoglycosides |
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antimicro protein synth -doxycycline -bacteristatic |
tetracycline |
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3rd form of mechanisms of action -bactericidal |
inhibition of nucleic acid synth |
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4th mech of action -bacteriostatic |
metabolic pathways |
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metabolic pathway drug -folate inhibitors -selectively toxic -inhibit growth of gram + and gram - |
sulfonamides |
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5th mech of action |
interfere with cell membrane integrity |
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tb first line drugs have high or low toxicity |
low toxicity |
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MIC test -used to determine lowest concentration of drug needed to prevent growth of specific organism |
minimum inhibitory concentration |
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MBC test -determine lowest concentration of drug needed to kill 99.9 percent of cells |
minimum bactericidal concentration |
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two mechanisms of bacterial resistance |
innate and acquired |
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resistance that: -natural absence of target site/no cell wall -failure of drug to pass cell wall as in gram - bacteria |
innate |
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resistance due to -drug inactivating enzymes -alteration of target molecule -decreased uptake of the drug -increased elimination of drug |
acquired |
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VRE, MRSA, VISA, VRSA |
major drug resistant microbes |
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Visa VRSA |
Vancomycin Staphylococcus aureus |
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MRSA |
methicillin resistant staph aureus |
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VRE -transferred via plasmid |
vancomycin resistant enterococcus |
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drugs that rely on host cells' metabolic machinery, lack cell walls, ribosomes |
antiviral |
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antiviral drugs eliminate latent or chronic |
do not eliminate latent because they are not replicating |
