Biology: Lab 2 Metric Measurement And Microscopy

Front 1

Longitudinal Section

Back 1

Lengthwise cut through any type of specimen

Front 2

Cross Section

Back 2

Crosswise cut through any type of specimen

Front 3

Metric System

Back 3

Standard system of measurement in the sciences. All conversions, whether for volume, mass (weight), or length are in units of ten

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Metric units of length

Back 4

Meter (m)

Centimeter (cm) (10-2 m)

Millimeter (mm) (10-3 m)

Micrometer(um) (10-6 m)

Nanometer (nm) (10-9 m)

Front 5

Metric units of weight

Back 5

Gram (g) = 1000mg

Milligram (mg)

Front 6

Metric units of volume

Back 6

liter (L) = 1000mL

millileter (mL)

Front 7

Metric Unit of Temperature

Back 7

Celsius (centigrade, C)

C = (F-32)/1.8

F = (1.8C) + 32

Front 8

Light Microscopes

Back 8

Passes rays of light through lenses to magnify the object

Front 9

Stereomicroscope or dissecting miscroscope

Back 9

Study entire object's surface in 3D at low magnification

Front 10

Compound light microscope

Back 10

Uses two sets of lenses (ocular and objective) and light to study an object

Inverts image so that what is on the slide will appear backwards and upside down when viewed in the eyepiece

Used for examining small or thinly sliced sections of objects under higher mangification than that of the steromicroscope

Front 11

Electron microscope

Back 11

- Uses beams of electrons to magnify the object. - The beams are focused on a photographic plate by means of electromagnets

- Shows much more detail than a compound light microscope

Front 12

Resolution

Back 12

Minimum distance between two objects at which they can be seen or resolved as two separate objects (unit is __m)

Front 13

Parfocal nature of microscopes

Back 13

Being able to locate and focus your specimen at the lowest power objective before using a higher power objective and the object will be very nearly still in focus

Front 14

Total magnification

Back 14

Power of the objective lens * power of the ocular lens (unit is X)

Front 15

Stereomicroscope/Dissecting microscope and Compound Light microscope

Back 15

What are the 2 Types of Light Microscopes?

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Field of View

Back 16

Circle visible through the lenses

Front 17

Diameter of field

Back 17

Length of the field from one edge to the other

Front 18

Depth of field

Back 18

The area from top to bottom that comes into focus when viewing an object under high power

Front 19

Wet Mount

Back 19

A slide prepared by placing a drop of liquid or preparing a dry material with water or stain

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Back 20

Cheek Cell: Identify cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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Back 21

Onion Cell: Identify cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus

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Back 22

Paramecium: Identify cell membrane, cilia, oral groove, nucleus

Front 23

Cilia are important, because they are how Paramecium move. By beating the cilia back and forth, the Paramecium canmove through the water.

Back 23

How does a paramecium move?

Front 24

Compound

Back 24

Refers to the use of two sets of lenses: the ocular lenses located near they eyes and the objective lenses located near the object

Front 25

To improve contrast

Back 25

What is the purpose of using stains or dyes that bind to cellular structure and absorb light when examining specimens through a microscope

Front 26

Photomicrographs/Light micrographs

Back 26

Images produced by compound light microscope

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Transmission Electron Microscop

Back 27

- Analogous to the compound light microscope

- Object is ultra-thinly sliced and treated with heavy metal salts to improve contrast

Front 28

Scanning electron microscope

Back 28

- Analogous to the dissecting light microscope

- Gives an image of the surface and dimensions of an object (3D)

Front 29

Stereomicroscope (Dissecting)

Scanning Electron Microscope

Back 29

Which two types of microscopes view the surface of an object?

Front 30

Compound Light microscope

Transmission Electron Microscope

Back 30

Which two types of microscopes view objects that have been sliced and treated to improve contrast?

Front 31

Binocular head

Eyepiece Lenses

Focusing Knob

Magnification Changing knob

Illuminator

Back 31

Components of a Stereomicroscope (Dissecting) (5)

Front 32

Electron Microscopes

Back 32

What type of microscopes resolves the greater amount of detail?

Front 33

Binocular head

Back 33

Holds eyepiece lens(es) that move to accommodate for the various distances between different individuals' eyes

Front 34

Eyepiece lenses

Back 34

The lenses located on the binocular head

Front 35

Focusing Knob

Back 35

Large knob located on the arm; used for changing the focus of both eyepieces together

Front 36

Magnification changing knob

Back 36

Knob built into the binocular head, used to change magnification in both eyepieces simultaneously

Front 37

Illuminator

Back 37

Used to illuminate an object from above; may be built into the microscope or may be separate

Front 38

Eyepieces

Viewing Head

Arm

Nosepiece

Objectives

Stage

Mechanical Stage

Adjustment Knobs

Condenser

Diaphragm control lever

Light source

Base

Back 38

Components of the Compound light microscope (12)

Front 39

Eyepieces

Back 39

Ocular Lenses

Front 40

Viewing head

Back 40

Holds the ocular lenses

Front 41

Arm

Back 41

Supports upper parts and provides carrying handle

Front 42

Nosepiece

Back 42

Revolving device that holds objectives

Front 43

Objectives

Back 43

- Scanning

- Low Power

- High power

- Oil Immersion

Front 44

Stage

Back 44

Holds and supports microscope slides.

Front 45

Mechanical Stage

Back 45

Movable portion that aids in the accurate positioning of the slide

Front 46

Coarse adjustment knob

Back 46

Knob used to bring object into approximate focus; used only with low power objective

Front 47

Fine adjustment knob

Back 47

Knob used to bring object into final focus

Front 48

Condenser

Back 48

Gathers light from the lamp and directs it toward the object being viewed

Front 49

Diaphragm control lever

Back 49

Controls the amount of light passing through the condenser

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Light source

Back 50

Attached lamp that directs a beam of light up through the object

Front 51

Base

Back 51

Flat surface of the microscope that rests on the table

Front 52

- Optical axis of one corresponds exactly to the optical axises of the others

Back 52

What does it means that the objectives of the microscope are concentric?