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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fixed atmospheric gases |
Nitrogen Oxygen Argon |
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variable atmospheric gases |
Water Vapor Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide Ozone CFCs |
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lowest to highest atmospheric layers (including -pauses) |
troposphere tropopause stratospherestratopause mesosphere mesopause thermosphere |
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temperature decreases with altitude in these layers |
troposphere and mesosphere |
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cold front |
colder air mass takes over warmer air mass (triangles) |
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warm front |
warmer air overtakes colder air mass (circles) |
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stationary front |
neither colder nor warmer air mass takes over (circles and triangles on alternating sides) |
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occluded front |
front that develops as cyclone matures and moves deeper into colder air (circles and triangles on same side) |
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pressure |
force per unit area |
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pressure will (increase/decrease) rapidly with elevation |
decrease |
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density |
mass per unit volume |
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density of air |
1.2kg/cubic meters |
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mean sea level pressure (millibars) |
1013mb or 29.92 inches of Mercury |
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as altitude (increases/decreases), both pressure and density (increases/decreases) |
as altitude decreases, both pressure and density increase
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moist air weighs (more/less) than dry air |
less |
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daily temperature is at its max during what time of the day in the Northern Hemisphere |
2-3pm, the NH has had the most continuous daylight at this point |
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temperature |
the measure of the average internal energy of motion per molecule |
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heat |
total internal energy of motion per molecule |
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specific heat |
the amount of energy required to heat 1g of a substance by 1 degree Celsius |
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longwave radiation |
infrared light, emitted out by the Earth, less energy than shortwave |
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shortwave radiation |
visible light, emitted out by the Sun, UV light |
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atmospheric window |
where the atmosphere absorbs very little of Earth's longwave radiation. most notable at about 10-12 microns |
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relative humidity |
the ratio of the current atmospheric humidity compared to the complete saturation of the atmosphere
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tropics |
characterized by high pressure, warm temps, fair weather, solar noon is at a 90 degree angle to the ground at least once during the year |
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latent heat
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energy absorbed or released by water molecules during change of phase |
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convection |
energy transfer via mass movement of vapor or gas
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conduction |
energy transfer via touch |
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radiation |
energy transfer via waves through space |
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surface temperature is measured #.#m above the surface |
surface temperature is measured at 1.5m above Earth's surface |
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Earth's average temperature is ##degrees Fahrenheit |
59 degrees Fahrenheit or 15 degrees Celsius |
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large water bodies and specific heat
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large water bodies have a higher specific heat than land masses because land mass does not mix like water |
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dry climates and temperature range |
lack of vegetation causes a higher temperature range, sand is a poor conductor, wind cools off the surface |
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influences on annual temperatures cycles |
latitude elevation aspect advection surface type large water bodies cloud cover |
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air lifting |
orographic lifting frontal lifting convection surface convergence cools and saturates air |
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wet bulb temperature and depression |
wet bulb temperature measures saturation/humidity. wet bulb depression is dry bulb temp-wet bulb temp |
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dry adiabatic cooling rate |
9.8 degrees Celsius/1000m |
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environmental lapse rates |
b/t 6-10 degrees-conditional stability < 10 degrees-stable >10 degrees-unstable |
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high clouds |
cirrus |
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mid clouds |
alto |
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layered clouds |
stratus |
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feathery clouds |
cirrus |
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puffy clouds |
cumulus |
