Memmler's: The Human Body In Health And Disease

Front 1

tissue stores triglycerides in the body and is unique for having minimal extracellular matrix.

Back 1

adipose

Front 2

Exocrine glands secrete their product into_____?

Back 2

ducts

Front 3

The skin is also called______?

Back 3

integument

Front 4

____ is the study of fungi

Back 4

mycology

Front 5

_____ would be considered a malignant tumor

Back 5

sarcoma

Front 6

Melanocytes are skin cells that ____?

Back 6

produce pigment

Front 7

____ pathogen would NOT be affected by an antibacterial agent

Back 7

viruses

Front 8

Reaching a conclusion as to the identity of a disease is ____

Back 8

diagnosis

Front 9

An insect transmitting a disease-causing organism from one host to another is called a ____

Back 9

vector

Front 10

Cells that produce cartilage are ___?

Back 10

chondrocytes

Front 11

Sweat is produced by eccrine glands

T or F

Back 11

true

Front 12

Adipose tissue is what type of tissue?

Back 12

loose connective tissue

Front 13

Amoebas are a form of ___?

Back 13

protozoans

Front 14

As a group, bacteria, viruses, and fungi are ___?

Back 14

microorganisms

Front 15

The study of tissue is called ___?

Back 15

histology

Front 16

___ tissue covers surfaces, cavities, and forms glands

Back 16

epithelial

Front 17

___ tissue supports and forms the framework of all parts of the body

Back 17

connective

Front 18

___ tissue contracts and produces movement

Back 18

muscle

Front 19

___ tissue conducts nerve impulses

Back 19

nervous

Front 20

What is the 3 types of epithelial tissue?

Back 20

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Front 21

Cells arranged in a single layer are described as ___?

Back 21

simple

Front 22

Cells arranged in multiple layers are called ___?

Back 22

stratified

Front 23

Cells capable of great expansion are called ___?

Back 23

transitional

Front 24

flat and irregular cells

Back 24

squamous

Front 25

square cells

Back 25

cuboidal

Front 26

long and narrow cells

Back 26

columnar

Front 27

Types of connective tissue

Back 27

circulating connective tissue
generalized connective tissue
structural connective tissue

Front 28

___ connective tissue has fluid consistency; it's cells are suspended in a liquid matrix

Back 28

circulating

Front 29

___ connective tissue is widely distributed; supports and protects structures

Back 29

generalized

Front 30

___ connective tissue is mainly associated with the skeleton

Back 30

structural

Front 31

Types of generalized connective tissue

Back 31

loose and dense

Front 32

Types of loose connective tissue

Back 32

areolar and adipose

Front 33

___ tissue contains cells and fibers in a soft, jellylike matrix; found in thin layers, around vessels and organs, between muscles, and under the skin

Back 33

areolar

Front 34

___ tissue contains cells that are able to store large amounts of fat; is a reserve energy supply, a heat insulator, protective padding for organs and joints

Back 34

adipose

Front 35

___ connective tissue has a soft and semiliquid consistency

Back 35

loose

Front 36

___ connective tissue has many fibers that give it firmness, strength, and flexibility

Back 36

dense

Front 37

___ dense connective tissue has mostly collagenous fibers in random arrangement; makes up fibrous membranes that cover various organs

Back 37

irregular

Front 38

___ dense connective tissue has mostly collagenous fibers in a regular, parallel alignment like cables and can be pulled in one direction

Back 38

regular

Front 39

___ dense connective tissue has many elastic fibers that allow it to stretch and then return to it's original length; appears in the vocal cords, respiratory passageways, and walls of blood vessels

Back 39

elastic

Front 40

types of dense connective tissue

Back 40

irregular, regular, and elastic

Front 41

types of structural connective tissue

Back 41

cartilage and bone

Front 42

cells that produce cartilage

Back 42

chondrocytes

Front 43

___ cartilage is the tough translucent material that covers the ends of the long bones, at the tip of the nose, and along the front of the throat

Back 43

hyaline

Front 44

types of cartilage

Back 44

hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

Front 45

___ cartilage is firm and rigid, and found between the vertebrae of the spine, the anterior joints between the pubic bones of the hip, and in the knee joint

Back 45

fibrocartilage

Front 46

___ cartilage can spring back into shape after it's bent; located in the outer portion of the ear, larynx

Back 46

elastic

Front 47

types of muscle tissue

Back 47

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Front 48

___ muscle works with tendons and bones to move the body; voluntary, striated

Back 48

skeletal

Front 49

___ muscle tissue contracts by conscious thought, has striations

Back 49

voluntary

Front 50

___ muscle forms the bulk of the heart wall; involuntary

Back 50

cardiac

Front 51

___ muscle forms the walls of hollow organs

Back 51

smooth

Front 52

The basic unit of nervous tissue; consists of a nerve cell body plus small branches from the cell

Back 52

neuron

Front 53

Specialized cells that supports and protect nervous tissue

Back 53

neuroglia

Front 54

Types of epithelial tissue

Back 54

serous, mucous, cutaneous

Front 55

___ membranes line the walls of body cavities and are folded back onto the surface of internal organs, forming the outermost layer

Back 55

serous

Front 56

___ membranes line tubes and other spaces that open to the outside of the body

Back 56

mucous

Front 57

___ membrane is commonly known as the skin, has an outer layer of epithelium

Back 57

cutaneous

Front 58

types of serous membranes

Back 58

pleurae, serous pericardium, peritoneum

Front 59

the ___ line the thoracic cavity and cover each lung

Back 59

pleurae

Front 60

the ___ forms part of a sac that encloses the heart, which is located in the chest between the lungs

Back 60

serous pericardium

Front 61

the ___ is the largest serous membrane; lines the walls of the abdominal cavity, covers the abdominal organs, and forms supporting and protective structures within the abdomen

Back 61

peritoneum

Front 62

___ membranes are thin connective tissue membranes that line the joint cavities

Back 62

synovial

Front 63

the ___ are several membranous layers covering the brain and spinal cord

Back 63

meninges

Front 64

___ refers to fibrous bands or sheets that support organs and hold them in place

Back 64

fascia

Front 65

___ is the continuous sheet of tissue that underlies the skin and contains adipose tissue that insulates the body and protects the skin

Back 65

superficial fascia

Front 66

___ covers, separates, and protects skeletal muscle

Back 66

deep fascia

Front 67

the ___ forms the cavity that encloses the heart, the pericardial cavity

Back 67

fibrous pericardium

Front 68

the ___ is the membrane around the bone

Back 68

periosteum

Front 69

the ___ is the membrane around cartilage

Back 69

perichondrium

Front 70

types of benign tumors

Back 70

papilloma, adenoma, lipoma, osteoma, myoma, angioma, nevus, chondroma

Front 71

a tumor that grows in the epithelium as a projecting mass; example, wart

benign

Back 71

papilloma

Front 72

an epithelial tumor that grows in and about the glands

benign

Back 72

adenoma

Front 73

a connective tissue tumor originating in fatty adipose tissue

benign

Back 73

lipoma

Front 74

a connective tissue tumor that originates in the bones

benign

Back 74

osteoma

Front 75

a tumor of muscle tissue

benign

Back 75

myoma

Front 76

a tumor that usually is composed of small blood or lymphatic vessels; example, birthmark

benign

Back 76

angioma

Front 77

a small skin tumor that can appear in a variety of tissues; example, moles

benign

Back 77

nevus

Front 78

a tumor of cartilage cells that remain within the cartilage or develop on the surface, as in the joints

benign

Back 78

chondroma

Front 79

malignant tumors

Back 79

carcinoma, sarcoma

Front 80

this type of cancer originates in epithelium and is by far the most common form; usually spreads to the lymphatic system

Back 80

carcinoma

Front 81

cancers of connective tissue and therefore may be found anywhere in the body; cells are usually spread by blood and they often form metastases in the lungs

Back 81

sarcoma

Front 82

a tumor that arises from a nerve

Back 82

neuroma

Front 83

a nervous system tumor that originates in the support tissue of the brain or spinal cord

Back 83

glioma

Front 84

a malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic tissue

Back 84

lymphoma

Front 85

cancer of the white blood cells

Back 85

leukemia

Front 86

signs of cancer

Back 86

a thickening or lump, new or changing mole, sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, difficulty in swallowing, persistent indigestion after eating, hoarseness or persistent cough, white patches in mouth, changes in bowel or bladder habits, unexplained weight loss or gain, feeling weak and unusually tired

Front 87

treatment of cancer

Back 87

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

Front 88

diseases caused by infectious organisms
examples: colds, AIDS, strep throat, TB, food poisoning

Back 88

infectious

Front 89

diseases that involve degeneration break down of any body system
example: MS, cirrhosis, Alzheimer's, osteoporosis, arthritis

Back 89

degenerative

Front 90

disorders caused by a dietary lack of essential nutrients
examples: scurvy, rickets

Back 90

nutritional

Front 91

disorders that include any disruption of cellular metabolism
example: diabetes, gout

Back 91

metabolic

Front 92

disorders related to the system that protects us against infection and disease

Back 92

immune

Front 93

means "new growth" and refers to cancer and other types of tumors

Back 93

neoplasms

Front 94

causes of disease

Back 94

age, gender, heredity, living conditions and habits, environmental disturbances, physical and chemical damage, preexisting conditions

Front 95

health specialist that study diseases in populations

Back 95

epidemiology

Front 96

the number of new disease cases appearing in a particular population during a specific time period

Back 96

incidence

Front 97

the overall frequency of a disease in a given group; the number of cases of a disease present in a given population during a specific period or at a particular time

Back 97

prevalence

Front 98

the percentage of the population that dies from a given disease within a given time period

Back 98

mortality rate

Front 99

to reach a conclusion as to the nature or identity of an illness

Back 99

diagnosis

Front 100

disease conditions experienced by the patient

Back 100

symptoms

Front 101

objective manifestations a physician can observe

Back 101

signs

Front 102

complex disorder characterized by a cluster of typical symptoms and signs

Back 102

syndrome

Front 103

these diseases are relatively severe but usually last a short time

Back 103

acute

Front 104

these diseases are often less severe but are likely to be continuous or reoccurring for long periods

Back 104

chronic

Front 105

these diseases are intermediate between acute and chronic, not being as severe as acute disorders nor as long as chronic disorders

Back 105

subacute

Front 106

any disease causing microorganism

Back 106

pathogen

Front 107

a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another

Back 107

communicable

Front 108

primitive, single cell organisms that grow in a wide variety of environments

Back 108

bacteria

Front 109

extremely small infectious agents that can multiply only within living cells

Back 109

viruses

Front 110

a group that that includes single celled yeasts and multicellular molds

Back 110

fungi

Front 111

single celled animals

Back 111

protozoa

Front 112

very simple multicellular or single cell aquatic plants

Back 112

algae

Front 113

these cells are round and are seen in characteristic arrangements; chains, like a string of beads

Back 113

cocci

Front 114

cells are straight, slender rods, some are cigar shaped with tapering ends

Back 114

bacilli

Front 115

short rods with a slight curvature, like a comma

Back 115

vibrios

Front 116

long and wavelike cells, resembling a corkscrew

Back 116

spirilla

Front 117

long and wavelike cells, resembling a corkscrew, but are capable of waving and twisting motions

Back 117

spirochetes

Front 118

infectious particles composed solely of protein

Back 118

prions

Front 119

diseases caused by fungi

Back 119

mycotic

Front 120

an irregularly shaped organism that propels itself by extending part of its cell and then flowing into the extensions

Back 120

amebas

Front 121

type of protozoon that is covered with cilia that wave to propel the organism

Back 121

ciliates

Front 122

type of parasitic roundworm that live in the small intestine

Back 122

hookworms

Front 123

small roundworm that is transmitted in pork

Back 123

trichina

Front 124

the outermost layer of the skin, composed entirely of epithelial cells and contains no blood vessels

Back 124

epidermis

Front 125

framework of connective tissue and contains many blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands

Back 125

dermis

Front 126

this layer is sometimes referred to the hypodermis or superficial fascia, this layer connects the skin to the underlying muscle

Back 126

subcutaneous

Front 127

saclike glands that lubricates the skin and hair

Back 127

sebaceous

Front 128

coiled tube-like sweat glands located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Back 128

sudoriferous

Front 129

type of sweat glands that are distributed throughout the skin

Back 129

eccrine

Front 130

type of sweat glands located mainly in the armpits

Back 130

apocrine

Front 131

type of glands in the ear canal that produces ear wax

Back 131

ceruminous

Front 132

glands on the edge of the eye lids

Back 132

ciliary

Front 133

type of pigment that carries oxygen in red blood cells, gives blood its color

Back 133

hemoglobin

Front 134

skin pigment derived from carrots or other orange and yellow vegetables; related to vitamin A and is stored in fatty tissue

Back 134

carotene

Front 135

a spot that is neither raised nor depressed; typical of measles and descriptive of freckles

Back 135

macule

Front 136

a firm, raised area, as in some stages of chicken pox or shingles

Back 136

papule

Front 137

a blister or small fluid filled sac

Back 137

vesicle

Front 138

a vesicle filled with pus

Back 138

pustule

Front 139

a scratch on the skin

Back 139

excoriation

Front 140

a rough, jagged would made by tearing of the skin

Back 140

laceration

Front 141

a sore associated with disintegration and death of tissue

Back 141

ulcer

Front 142

a crack in the skin

Back 142

fissure

Front 143

burn that involves in the epidermis only; skin is red and dry with minimal pain; typical causes are sunburn; this type of burn is a first degree

Back 143

superficial

Front 144

involves the epidermis and a portion of the dermis; tissue reddens and blisters and is painful; severe sunburn or scalding

Back 144

superficial partial thickness

Front 145

involves the epidermis and the dermis; tissue may be blistered and weeping or dry due to sweat gland damage; may be less painful due to nerve damage; second degree

Back 145

deep partial thickness

Front 146

involves full skin and sometimes subcutaneous tissue; tissue is broken, dry and pale or charred; may require skin grafting; third degree

Back 146

full thickness

Front 147

general term referring to any skin disease

Back 147

dermatosis

Front 148

inflammation of the skin

Back 148

dermatitis

Front 149

an acute contagious disease of staphylococcal or streptococcal origin; forms blister-like lesions that become filled with pus

Back 149

impetigo

Front 150

virus that causes formation of blisters around the nose and mouth

Back 150

herpes simplex I

Front 151

virus that causes formation of blisters and genital infections

Back 151

herpes simplex II

Front 152

seen in adults and is caused by varicella virus

Back 152

shingles

Front 153

hives; allergic reaction characterized by the temporary appearance of wheals or red patches

Back 153

urticaria

Front 154

type of muscle that is voluntary

Back 154

skeletal

Front 155

Which type of protozoa is covered with tiny hairs?

Back 155

ciliates

Front 156

Sunburn associated with blisters is an example of a _________ burn

Back 156

superficial partial thickness

Front 157

Acne is a disorder affecting the ____

Back 157

sebaceous glands

Front 158

Which type of pathogen would NOT be affected by an antibacterial agent?

Back 158

viruses

Front 159

Which of the following is found at the tip of the nose?

Back 159

hyaline cartilage

Front 160

Collagen fibers are critical in repair of injury to the epidermis

T or F

Back 160

true

Front 161

If you have ever watched the TV crime show "CSI," you have seen the good guys catch the bad guys using

Back 161

dermal papillae