Medicine Through Time (Gcse History)

Front 1

Medieval Period

Back 1

c.1250-c.1500

Front 2

Medical Renaissance

Back 2

c.1500-c.1700

Front 3

18th-19th Century Medicine

Back 3

c.1700-c.1900

Front 4

Modern Medicine

Back 4

c.1900-present day

Front 5

Medieval ideas about causes

Back 5

Punishment from God

Miasma (Bad air)

Four humours out of balance (Hippocrates)

Front 6

Medical renaissance ideas about causes

Back 6

Punishment from God

Miasma (Bad air)

Unbalanced humours (Hippocrates)

Front 7

18th-19th century ideas about causes

Back 7

Louis Pasteur's Germ theory

Miasma (bad air)

Front 8

Modern ideas about causes

Back 8

Germs

Cleanliness

Genetic disorders

Faults in DNA

Tumours

Front 9

Medieval ideas about treatments

Back 9

Prayer

Herbal remedies

Bleeding

Purging

Front 10

Medical renaissance ideas about treatments

Back 10

Prayer

Herbal remedies

Bleeding

Purging

External operation (no anaesthetic)

Front 11

18th-19th century ideas about treatments

Back 11

Herbal remedies

Anaesthetic is discovered

X-rays are discovered

Front 12

Modern ideas about treatments

Back 12

Blood transfusions

Antibiotics

Chemical drugs

Sterile operations

Front 13

Medieval ideas about prevention

Back 13

Keeping streets/water supplies clean

Front 14

Medical renaissance ideas about prevention

Back 14

Cleaning streets/water supplies

Quarantining the sick

Front 15

18th-19th century ideas about prevention

Back 15

Smallpox vaccination

Antiseptic

Sewers

Clean water

Front 16

Modern ideas about prevention

Back 16

Vaccination

NHS

Front 17

Key illness of the medieval period

Back 17

1348- the black death

Front 18

Medical breakthroughs of the medical renaissance

Back 18

Discovery of the circulation of blood-William Harvey (1628)

Dissection of dead bodies

Front 19

Key illness of the medical renaissance

Back 19

1665- The great plague (ended by the great fire of london in 1666)

Front 20

Discovery of penicillin

Back 20

1928- Alexander Fleming noticed mould on a lab dish was killing bacteria

Front 21

Religion in Medieval Medicine

Back 21

People were expected to go to church regularly

Illness was sent from God as a punishment for sin

Illness was God's way of testing faith

Front 22

Astrology in Medieval Medicine

Back 22

Alignment of stars and planets could explain disease and illness

Physicians consulted star charts

Front 23

Miasma in Medieval medicine

Back 23

bad air/bad smells caused illness

incense was burned in churches

if you covered up bad smells they couldn't make you ill

Front 24

The four humours in Medieval medicine

Back 24

black bile

yellow bile

blood

phlegm

if these became unbalanced then people became ill

Front 25

Galen's beliefs

Back 25

Four humours

observations

he wrote over 300 medical books

dissection

opposites to balance the humours

Front 26

Edward Jenner gave the first successful vaccination against small pox

Back 26

1746- he inserted cowpox pus into a cut on a young boys arm and, once the boy had become ill and recovered. he inserted smallpox pus into the same boy and he didn't become ill

Front 27

1st Public Health act

Back 27

1848- if death rates in an area were especially high the government could force change. Unless this happened, all change was voluntary

Front 28

John Snow published a book stating that water was the cause of cholera

Back 28

1849

Front 29

Broad street cholera outbreak

Back 29

1854

Front 30

The great stink

Back 30

1858

Front 31

2nd Public Health act

Back 31

1875- action became compulsory

Front 32

Black period in surgery

Back 32

1850s-1870s

Front 33

Life expectancy in 1900

Back 33

46 for men

50 for women

Front 34

The first magic bullet- salvarsan 606 was discovered

Back 34

1909

Front 35

electron microscope was discovered

Back 35

1931

Front 36

Edwin Chadwick published his report

Back 36

"a report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population"

1842

Front 37

Joseph Lister developed antiseptic

Back 37

1867

Front 38

Louis Pasteur published his germ theory

Back 38

1861

Front 39

James Simpson showed chloroform to be an effective anaesthetic

Back 39

1847

Front 40

Gerhard Domagk discovered Prontosil to cure blood poisoning

Back 40

1932

Front 41

Watson and Crick discovered DNA structure

Back 41

1953

Front 42

Wilkins and Franklin took the first photo of DNA

Back 42

1953

Front 43

X-ray was discovered

Back 43

1895

Front 44

First heart transplant

Back 44

1967

Front 45

Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups

Back 45

1901

Front 46

The National Insurance act

Back 46

1911- the employer and government had to pay into a sickness fund so that if a worker fell ill they would receive sick pay and free medical care.

Front 47

The Beveridge report

Back 47

1942- Sir William Beveridge wrote and published a report on what should be done to improve quality of life. He came up with the concept of a National Health Service