Medical Terminology Systems: A Body System Approach Chapter 13 - Male Reproductive System

Front 1

gamete

Back 1

Reproductive cell (ovum or sperm) that contains one-half of the chromosomes required to produce an offspring of the species

Front 2

libido

Back 2

Psychological and physical drive for sexual activity

Front 3

semen

Back 3

Fluid containing sperm and secretions from the prostate and other structures of the male reproductive system; also called seminal fluid

Front 4

sphincter

Back 4

Ringlike muscle that opens and closes a body opening to allow or restrict passage through the structure

Front 5

testosterone

Back 5

Androgenic hormone responsible for the development of the male sex organs, including the penis, testicles, scrotum, and prostate. Also plays an important role in libido and secondary sex characteristics.

Front 6

testes(or testis, singular)

Back 6

produce the hormone testosterone and are located in an external sac called the scrotum

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scrotum

Back 7

external sac that contains the testes

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seminiferous tubules

Back 8

numerous small tubes that twist and coil as well as produce sperm(male gamete)

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epididymis

Back 9

single, tightly coiled tube lying on superior surface of each testis; stores sperm after it leaves the seminiferous tubules and also the first duct through which sperm passes after its production in the testes. Forms the vas deferens(seminal duct) as it traces upwards.

Front 10

vas deferens

Back 10

A narrow tube that passes through the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity, estending over the top and down the posterior surface of the bladder where it joins the seminal vesicle.

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seminal vesicle

Back 11

union of this duct with vas deferens forms ejaculatory duct. contains nutrients that support sperm viability and produces approx. 60% of the seminal fluid that is ultimately ejaculated during sexual intercourse.

Front 12

ejaculatory duct

Back 12

leads to urethra where sperm can be ejaculated

Front 13

coitus

Back 13

sexual intercourse

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prostate gland

Back 14

triple-lobed organ fused to the base of the bladder. It secretes a thin, alkaline substance that accounts for about 30% of seminal fluid. Its alkalinity helps protect sperm from the acidic environments of the male urethra an the female vagina.

Front 15

bulbourethral glands(Cowper)

Back 15

two pea-shped structures located below the prostate and connected by a small duct to the urethra. THese provide the alkaline fluid for sperm viability.

Front 16

penis

Back 16

male organ of copulation

Front 17

urethra

Back 17

expels semen and urine from the body. During ejaculation the sphincter at the base of the bladder closes which not only stops urine from being expelled with the semen, but also prevents semen from entering the bladder.

Front 18

glans penis

Back 18

enlarged tip of the penis that contains the urethral orifice(meatus)

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prepuce(foreskin)

Back 19

moveable hood of skin

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andr/o

Back 20

male

Hint 20

androgenic: pertaining to maleess

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balan/o

Back 21

glans penis

Hint 21

balanoplasty: surgical repair of the glans penis

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crypt/o

Back 22

hidden

Hint 22

crptorchidism: condition of hidden testes; also called cryptorchism

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epididym/o

Back 23

epididymis

Hint 23

epididymotomy: incision of the epididymis

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genit/o

Back 24

genitalia

Hint 24

genitourinary: pertaining to the genitalia and urinary tract

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gonad/o

Back 25

gonads, sex glands

Hint 25

gonadopathy: disease of the sex glands

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olig/o

Back 26

scanty

Hint 26

oligospermia: scanty(decreased production) of sperm

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orch/o

orchi/o

orchid/o

test/o

Back 27

testis(plural: testes)

Hint 27

orchitis: inflammation of the testes

orchi/algia: pain in the testes

orchidoptosis: downward displacement of the testes

testalgia: pain of a testis

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perine/o

Back 28

perineum (area between scrotum[or vulva in the female]and anus)

Hint 28

perineal: pertaining to the perineum

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prostat/o

Back 29

prostate gland

Hint 29

prostatomegaly: enlargement of the prostate gland

Front 30

spermat/o

sperm/o

Back 30

spermatozoa, sperm cells

Hint 30

spermatocele: swelling containing spermatozoa

spermic: pertaining to sperm cells

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varic/o

Back 31

dilated vein

Hint 31

varicocele: swelling of a dilated vein

-cele: hernia, swelling

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vas/o

Back 32

vessel; vas deferens; duct

Hint 32

vasectomy: removal of (all or part of) the vas deferens

-ectomy: excision, removal

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vesicul/o

Back 33

seminal vesicle

Hint 33

vesiculitis: inflammation of the seminal vesicle

-itis: inflammation

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-cide

Back 34

killing

Hint 34

spermicide: (agents that) kill sperm; also called spermaticide

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-genesis

Back 35

forming, producing, origin

Hint 35

spermatogenesis: forming or producing sperm

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-ism

Back 36

condition

Hint 36

an/orch/ism: condition without testes

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-spadias

Back 37

slit, fissure

Hint 37

hypospadias: a fissure under the penis

Hypospadias is a congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the glans penis instead of the tip.

Front 38

brachy-

Back 38

short

Hint 38

brachytherapy: treatment from a short(distance)

Treatment where radioactive seeds are implanted directly into the malignant tissue.

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epi-

Back 39

above, upon

Hint 39

epispadias: fissure upon (dorsum of penis)

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Urology

Back 40

medicine concerned with the male reproductive system as well as urinary disorders in both males and females.

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urologist

Back 41

physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary disorders

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sexually transmitted diseases

Back 42

any contagious disease acquired as a result of sexual activity with an infected partner

Front 43

gonorrhea(neisseria gonorrhoeae)

Back 43

symptom is pain upon urination in men(dysuria) and white discharge(leukorrhea). Women are typically asymptomatic. If left untreated, may infect bladder(cystitis) and inflame joints(arthritis). Sterility may result from formation of scars that close the reproductive tubes of both sexes(pelvic inflammatory disease). Antibiotics usual treatment.

Front 44

chlamydia(chlamydia trachomatis)

Back 44

most prevalent and most damaging STI in the US; silent disease as symptoms are mild or absent; if present, men may produce a whitish discharge from penis. In women there may be a mucopurulent discharge and inflammation of cervix uteri(cervicitis). May eventually cause sterility. Can be treated but often causes sterility due to many cases going untreated since it doesn't show symptoms.

Front 45

syphilis(treponema pallidum)

Back 45

if untreated, may become chronic, infectious, multisystemic disease. 3 phases;

1. primary sore(chancre) develops where organism enters body. Ulcerated sore with hard edges that contains infectious organisms

2 variety of symptoms that make diagnosis difficult

3 latent phase whereby the disease may remain dormant, but patient remains infectious; blindness, mental disorders, and eventual death. Treatment with antibiotics is effective.

Front 46

genital herpes(herpes simplex virus; HSV)

Back 46

causes red, blisterlike, painful lesions in genital area that closely resemble fever blisters or cold sores that appear on the lips and around the mouth. Both caused by HSV, but genital herpes is associated with type 2(HSV-2) and oral herpes is type 1(HSV-1). Regardless, both forms can cause oral and genitl infections through oral-genital sexual activity. Fluid in the blisters is highly infectious and contains the active virus. However, this disease is associated with a phenomenon called viral shedding - during viral shedding, the virus is present on the skin of the infected, and can be transmitted to sexual partners even when no lesions are present. The disease may be transmitted to a baby during the birth process and although rare may lead to death of the infant. In men, lesions appear on the glans, foreskin, or penile shaft. In females, lesions appear in the vaginal area, buttocks, and thighs. Antivirals may help but there is no cure.

Front 47

genital warts(condylomata, condylomas)(human papillomavirus/HPV)

Back 47

warts may be very small and almost unnoticeable or may be large and appear in clusters. in females, lesions may be found on the vulva, in the vagina, or on the cervix. In males, the lesions commonly appear on the penis or around the rectum. Many disappear without treatment, but there is no way to determine which ones will resolve. When treatment is required, surgical excision or freezing the wart is the usual method. Has been found to increase the risk of certain cancers, including penile, vaginal, cervical, and anal cancer. Much greater incidence of miscarriage in women with HPV.

Front 48

trichomoniasis(protozoan trichomonas vaginalis)

Back 48

affects males and females but symptoms more common in females; when symptoms are present in males, they include irritation inside the penis, mild discharge, or slight burning after urination or ejaculation. In women, vaginitis, urethritis, cystitis, frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge with a strong odor. Infection may also cause discomfort during intercourse and urination as well as irritation and itching in the female genital area and rarely, lower abdominal pain. Important to treat both partners to avoid reinfection.

Front 49

benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)

Back 49

commonly associated with aging; as the prostate enlarges, it decreases the urethral lumen and complete voiding of urine becomes difficult, and urine that remains in the bladder commonly becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. Bladder infection(cystitis) and ultimately kidney infection(nephritis) may result. If medical management of BPH fails it may be necessary to use surgical methods.

Front 50

cryptorchidism

Back 50

undescended testicles; commonly accompanied by an inguinal hernia

Front 51

orchiopexy

Back 51

surgical suspension of the testes

Front 52

herniorrhaphy

Back 52

hernia sutures

Front 53

prostate cancer

Back 53

rare in men under 50 in the US, but symptoms include difficultry starting urination(hesitancy) and stopping the urinary stream, dysuria, urinary frequency, and hematuria.

Front 54

radical prostatectomy

Back 54

removal of entire prostate

Front 55

internal radiation therapy

Back 55

radioactive "seeds" are placed directly in the malignant tissue, remaining for long or short periods of time

Front 56

external beam radiation(EBR)/external beam therapy(EBT)/teletherapy

Back 56

high energy x-ray beams generated by a machine and directed at the tumor from outside the body to destroy prostate tissue.

Front 57

cryosurgery

Back 57

application of extreme cold, usually applied in early-stage prostate cancer or in cancer recurrence following other treatmence

Front 58

combined hormonal therapy

Back 58

antiandrogenic agents that deplete the body of testicular hormones , sometimes effective in early stages of the disease.

Front 59

bilateral orchiectomy/castration

Back 59

surgical removal of the testes

Front 60

gynecomastia

Back 60

enlargement of breast tissue in male

Front 61

metastasized

Back 61

cancer that has spread throughout the body

Front 62

balanitis

Back 62

inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis, caused by bacteria, fungi, or a virus

Front 63

erectile dysfunction(ED)

Back 63

repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse

Front 64

hypogonadian

Back 64

decrease or lack of hormones normally produced by the gonads

Front 65

hypospadias

Back 65

congenital abnormality where the opening of the male urethra is on the undersurface of the penis instead of at its tip

Front 66

phimosis

Back 66

stenosis or narrowing of foreskin so that it cannot be retracted over the glans penis

Front 67

priapism

Back 67

prolonged and often painful erection of the penis, which occurs without sexual stimulation

Front 68

prostatitis

Back 68

acute or chronic inflammation of the prostate

Front 69

testicular abnormalities

Back 69

any of the various disorders that affect the testes

Front 70

anorchism

Back 70

absence of one or both testicles; also called anorchia or anorchidism

Front 71

epididymitis

Back 71

inflammation of the epididymitis

Front 72

hydrocele

Back 72

swelling of the sac surrounding the testes that is typically harmless

Front 73

orchitis

Back 73

painful swelling of one or both testes, commonly associated with mumps that develop after puberty

Front 74

spermatocele

Back 74

abnormal, fluid-filled sac that develops in the epididymis and may or may not contain sperm; also called spermatic cyst

Front 75

testicular mass

Back 75

new tissue growth that appears on one or both testes and may be malignant or benign

Front 76

testicular torsion

Back 76

spontaneous twisting of testicle within the scrotum, leading to a decrease in blood flow to the affected testicle

Front 77

varicocele

Back 77

swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord, somewhat resembling varicose veins of the legs

Front 78

sterility

Back 78

inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum

Front 79

digital rectal examination

Back 79

screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or evaluates abnormalities of the pelvic area

Front 80

orchiectomy

Back 80

removal of one or both testicles; also called castration or orchidectomy

Front 81

circumcision

Back 81

removal of the foreskin, or fold of skin covering the tip (glans) of the penis

Front 82

orchieopexy

Back 82

fixation of the testes in the scrotum

Front 83

prostatectomy

Back 83

removal of all or part of the prostate

Front 84

transurethral resection of prostate(TURP)

Back 84

excision of the prostate gland by inserting a special endoscope(resectoscope) through the urethra and into the gladder to remove small pieces of tissue from the prostate gland.

Front 85

urethroplasty

Back 85

reconstruction of the urethra to relieve stricture or narrowing

Front 86

vasectomy

Back 86

removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens for male sterilization

Front 87

prostate-specific antigen(PSA)

Back 87

blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostate cancer; also called a tumor marker test

Front 88

semen analysis

Back 88

test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy.

Front 89

ultrasound

Back 89

high frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to roduce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo.

Front 90

prostate ultrasound

Back 90

us using an ultrasound probe inserted through the rectum to evaluate the prostate; also called transrectal ultrasound

Front 91

scrotal ultrasound

Back 91

us used to assess the contents of the scrotum, including the testicles, epididymus, and vas deferens, also called testicular ultrasound

Front 92

androgens

Back 92

increase testosterone levels

Front 93

antiandrogens

Back 93

suppress the production of androgen

Front 94

anti-impotence agents

Back 94

treat erectile dysfunction(impotence) by increasing flood flow to the penis, resulting in an erection. These should not be used by patients with coronary artery disease or hypertension.

Front 95

antivirals

Back 95

treat viral disorders by inhibiting their development