Medical Terminology Ii Ch 4

Front 1

bi-

Back 1

medical term prefix meaning twice, double, two

Front 2

-cele

Back 2

medical suffix meaning hernia, tumor, swelling

Front 3

dys-

Back 3

medical prefix meaning bad, difficult, painful

Front 4

fasci/o

Back 4

medical term element meaning fascia, fibrous band

Front 5

fibr/o

Back 5

medical terminology element meaning fibrous tissue, fiber

Front 6

-ia (pl of ium)

Back 6

medical terminology element meaning abnormal condition, disease

Front 7

-ic

Back 7

medical suffix meaning pertaining to

Front 8

kines/o, kinesi/o

Back 8

medical terminology element meaning movement

Front 9

my/o

Back 9

medical terminology element meaning muscle

Front 10

-plegia

Back 10

medical suffix meaning paralysis, stroke

Front 11

-rrhexis

Back 11

medical suffix meaning rupture

Front 12

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

Back 12

medical terminology element meaning tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

Front 13

ton/o

Back 13

medical terminology element meaning tone, stretching, tension

Front 14

tri-

Back 14

medical prefix meaning three

Front 15

abduction

Back 15

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

Front 16

adduction

Back 16

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

Front 17

adhesion

Back 17

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

Front 18

ataxia

Back 18

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Front 19

atonic

Back 19

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Front 20

atrophy

Back 20

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

Front 21

bradykinesia

Back 21

extreme slowness in movement

Front 22

circumduction

Back 22

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

Front 23

chronic fatigue syndrome

Back 23

a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and maybe made worse by physical or mental activity

Front 24

contracture

Back 24

the permanent tightening of facia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non elastic fibrous tissue

Front 25

dorsiflexion

Back 25

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Front 26

dyskinesia

Back 26

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motion

Front 27

dystonia

Back 27

a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

Front 28

electromyography

Back 28

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Front 29

fibromyalgia

Back 29

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; a wide range of other symptoms

Front 30

ganglion cyst

Back 30

a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

Front 31

heel spur

Back 31

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone

Front 32

hemiparesis

Back 32

slight paralysis or weakness affecting both sides of the body

Front 33

hemiplegia

Back 33

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

Front 34

hernia

Back 34

the protrusion of a part of the structure through the tissue normally containing it

Front 35

hyperkinesia

Back 35

abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity

Front 36

hypotonia

Back 36

a condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Front 37

impingement syndrome

Back 37

inflamed and swollen tendons that are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

Front 38

insertion

Back 38

the point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

Front 39

intermittent claudication

Back 39

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Front 40

muscular dystrophy

Back 40

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

Front 41

myasthenia gravis

Back 41

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

Front 42

myocele

Back 42

the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

Front 43

myoclonus

Back 43

the quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Front 44

myofascial release

Back 44

a specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, tempomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel

Front 45

myolysis

Back 45

the degeneration of muscle tissue

Front 46

myoparesis

Back 46

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Front 47

myorrhaphy

Back 47

surgical suturing of a muscle

Front 48

neuromuscular

Back 48

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

Front 49

oblique

Back 49

slanted or at an angle

Front 50

origin

Back 50

the point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

Front 51

paralysis

Back 51

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movement in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

Front 52

paraplegia

Back 52

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

Front 53

physiatrist

Back 53

a physician who specializes in the physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

Front 54

plantar fasciitis

Back 54

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

Front 55

polymyositis

Back 55

a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Front 56

pronation

Back 56

the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand are the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

Front 57

quadriplegia

Back 57

paralysis of all four extremities

Front 58

sarcopenia

Back 58

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

Front 59

shin splint

Back 59

a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia

Front 60

singultus

Back 60

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups

Front 61

sphincter

Back 61

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

Front 62

sprain

Back 62

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

Front 63

tenodesis

Back 63

the suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Front 64

tenolysis

Back 64

the release of a tendon from an adhesion

Front 65

tenorrhaphy

Back 65

the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

Front 66

tenosynovitis

Back 66

the inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Front 67

tenotomy

Back 67

the surgical incision into a tendon

Front 68

torticollis

Back 68

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side also known as wryneck

Front 69

transverse

Back 69

a crosswise direction

Front 70

rectus

Back 70

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

Front 71

frontalis

Back 71

a muscle of the head in the forehead that raises and lowers the eyebrows

Front 72

temporalis

Back 72

a muscle of the head that moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

Front 73

masseter

Back 73

a muscle of the head, which is one of the strongest in the body, that moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

Front 74

rhabdomyolysis

Back 74

a serious syndrome resulting from a direct or indirect muscle injury in which the death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream where they can lead to complications such as renal failure

Front 75

spasm

Back 75

any sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

Front 76

tic

Back 76

a repeated spasm, often involving the eyelids or face

Front 77

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Back 77

the most common form of muscular dystrophy in children affecting primarily boys with the onset between the ages of 3 and 5; progresses rapidly; most children are unable to walk by 12 years old and later develop breathing difficulties and heart disease

Front 78

Becker muscular dystrophy

Back 78

a type of muscular dystrophy that is similar but less severe than Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Front 79

repetitive stress disorder (RSD)

Back 79

a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work, daily activities, or recreation such as sports; commonly involves muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints

Front 80

compartment syndrome

Back 80

a syndrome that involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to a swelling within a compartment, an enclosed space that is created by the fascia that separates muscle groups

Front 81

epicondylitis

Back 81

the inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow

Front 82

iliotibial band syndrome

Back 82

a syndrome characterized as an overuse injury; caused by the iliotibial band rubbing against the bone often in the knee area

Front 83

incomplete spinal cord injury

Back 83

a spinal cord injury in which a person has some function below the level of the injury, even though that function isn't normal

Front 84

complete spinal cord injury

Back 84

a spinal cord injury in which a person has complete loss of sensation and muscle control below the level of injury

Front 85

antispasmodic

Back 85

a drug that is administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestines, or bladder

Front 86

skeletal muscle relaxant

Back 86

a medication administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, springs, and other muscle injuries; also suppresses the central nervous system

Front 87

neuromuscular blocker

Back 87

a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles; used as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery

Front 88

ergonomics

Back 88

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

Front 89

fasciotomy

Back 89

a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

Front 90

facioplasty

Back 90

the surgical repair of a fascia

Front 91

ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy

Back 91

a treatment for chronic tendon pain in which an ultrasound-guided needle is inserted to stimulate scar tissue healing within a tendon

Front 92

platelet rich plasma therapy (PRP)

Back 92

a procedure in which some of the patients blood is injected into scar tissue to promote increased blood flow and healing

Front 93

rhabdomy/o

Back 93

a medical term element meaning striated muscle

Front 94

epicondylitis

Back 94

an inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow