Medical Terminology Ii Ch 2

Front 1

Anatomic Reference Systems

Back 1

terms used to describe the location of body parts, planes, directions, and cavities

Front 2

Structures of the Body

Back 2

The cells, tissues, and glands that form the body systems that work together to enable the body to function properly.

Front 3

genetics

Back 3

the genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to their child.

Front 4

tissues

Back 4

a group of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform a specific function

Front 5

glands

Back 5

a group of specialized cells that is capable of producing secretions

Front 6

Body Systems and Related Organs

Back 6

Organs are somewhat independent parts of the body that perform specific functions. Organs with related functions are organized into body systems.

Front 7

pathology

Back 7

the study of the nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function

Front 8

abdominal cavity

Back 8

cavity of the body that contains the major organs of digestion

Front 9

adenectomy

Back 9

the surgical removal of a gland

Front 10

adenocarcinoma

Back 10

a malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue

Front 11

adenoma

Back 11

a benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

Front 12

adenomalacia

Back 12

an abnormal softening of a gland

Front 13

adenosclerosis

Back 13

abnormal hardening of the gland

Front 14

anaplasia

Back 14

a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

Hint 14

biology (usually refers to cancer cells)

Front 15

anatomy

Back 15

the study of the structures of the body

Front 16

anomaly

Back 16

a deviation from what is regarded as normal

Front 17

anterior

Back 17

situated in front

Front 18

aplasia

Back 18

the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Front 19

blood-borne transmission

Back 19

the spread of disease through contact with blood or other fluids contaminated with blood

Front 20

caudal

Back 20

toward the lower part of the body

Front 21

cephalic

Back 21

toward the head

Front 22

chromosome

Back 22

a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

Front 23

communicable disease

Back 23

any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

Front 24

congenital disorder

Back 24

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

Front 25

cytoplasm

Back 25

the material located within the cell membrane that is not a part of the nucleus

Front 26

distal

Back 26

direction situated farthest from the midline or beginning of the body structure

Front 27

dorsal

Back 27

location term meaning the back of the body or organ

Front 28

dysplasia

Back 28

abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Front 29

endemic

Back 29

referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area

Front 30

endocrine glands

Back 30

glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Front 31

epidemic

Back 31

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

Front 32

epigastric region

Back 32

the region located above the stomach

Front 33

etiology

Back 33

the study of the causes of disease

Front 34

exocrine glands

Back 34

glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

Front 35

functional disorder

Back 35

produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

Front 36

genetic disorder

Back 36

a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

Front 37

geriatrician

Back 37

a physician who specializes in the care of older people

Front 38

hemophilia

Back 38

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing

Front 39

histology

Back 39

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

Front 40

homeostasis

Back 40

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Front 41

hyperplasia

Back 41

the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal or increase in the number of cells in the tissues

Front 42

hypertrophy

Back 42

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues

Front 43

hypogastric region

Back 43

the region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach

Hint 43

literally below stomach

Front 44

hypoplasia

Back 44

the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

Front 45

iatrogenic illness

Back 45

unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

Front 46

idiopathic disorder

Back 46

an illness without known cause

Front 47

infectious disease

Back 47

illness caused by a living pathogenic organism such as bacteria or viruses

Front 48

inguinal

Back 48

relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin

Front 49

medial

Back 49

the direction toward or nearer the midline

Front 50

mesentery

Back 50

the fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

Front 51

midsagittal plane

Back 51

the vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves

Front 52

nosocomial infection

Back 52

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

Front 53

pandemic

Back 53

a disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

Front 54

pelvic cavity

Back 54

the space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

Front 55

peritoneum

Back 55

the multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

Front 56

Peritonitis

Back 56

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 57

phenylketonuria or pku

Back 57

a genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

Front 58

physiology

Back 58

the study of the functions of the body structures

Front 59

posterior

Back 59

situated in back or on the back part of an organ

Front 60

proximal

Back 60

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

Front 61

retroperitoneal

Back 61

location/direction describing behind the peritoneum

Front 62

stem cells

Back 62

unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division

Front 63

thoracic cavity

Back 63

the cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity

Front 64

Transverse plane

Back 64

The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

Front 65

umbilicus

Back 65

the pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

Front 66

vector-borne transmission

Back 66

the spread of disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease

Hint 66

example: malaria is spread by mosquitoes

Front 67

ventral

Back 67

refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ