Medical Terminology Ii Ch 7

Front 1

functions of the respiratory system

Back 1

- deliver air to the lungs

-deliver oxygen to the body cells

-expel carbon dioxide and water

-air for speech

Front 2

Upper respiratory tract

Back 2

Consists of the nose, mouth, Fair nicks, epiglottis, Lennox, and trachea

Front 3

Lower respiratory tract

Back 3

Consists of bronchial tree and lungs; located within the thoracic cavity or thorax, also known as rib cage

Front 4

cilia

Back 4

thin hairs inside the nose to filter incoming debris

Front 5

mucous membranes

Back 5

specialized tissues that line the nose

Front 6

mucus

Back 6

slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes that protect and lubricate tissues

Front 7

olfactory receptors

Back 7

nerve endings that are receptors for smell; important to taste; located in the mucous membrane of the upper nasal cavity

Front 8

paranasal sinuses

Back 8

air-filled cavities lined with mucous membranes located in the skull; functions to make the skull lighter, produce sound by giving resonance to the voice, provide mucus as lubricant for nasal cavity

Front 9

frontal sinuses

Back 9

located just above the eyebrows

Front 10

sphenoid sinuses

Back 10

located in the sphenoid bone, behind the eyes and under the pituitary gland

Front 11

maxillary sinuses

Back 11

largest of paranasal sinuses; located in the maxillary bones under the eye

Front 12

ethmoid sinuses

Back 12

located in the ethmoid bones between the eyes and nose; irregularly shaped air cells separated from the orbital cavity by a thin bone

Front 13

pharynx

Back 13

commonly known as throat; receives air after it passes through the nose or mouth as well as food

Front 14

nasopharynx

Back 14

first division of pharynx; posterior to the nasal cavity; transports air and opens into oropharynx

Front 15

oropharynx

Back 15

second division of pharynx; visible when looking into mouth; shared by respiratory and digestive systems; transports air, food, liquid down to laryngopharynx

Front 16

laryngopharynx

Back 16

third division of pharynx; shared by respiratory and digestive systems; moves air, food, fluids downward to esophagus and trachea

Front 17

larynx

Back 17

triangular chamber located between the pharynx and trachea; protected by 9 separate cartilages

Front 18

thyroid cartilage

Back 18

the largest of the nine cartilages protecting the larynx

Front 19

vocal cords

Back 19

produce sound for speech by vibrating while tight as air passes through; separates to allow air to pass through while not speaking

Front 20

soft palate

Back 20

protective swallowing mechanism; the muscular portion of the roof of the mouth, moves up and backward while swallowing to close off the nasopharynx

Front 21

epiglottis

Back 21

protective swallowing mechanism; a live like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and lungs

Front 22

trachea

Back 22

transports air to and from the lungs; commonly called the windpipe; located directly in front of the esophagus

Front 23

trachea

Back 23

held open by a series of flexible c-shaped cartilage rings that make it possible to compress food so it can pass down the esophagus

Front 24

bronchi

Back 24

two large tubes which branch out from the trachea to convert air into the lungs

Front 25

bronchioles

Back 25

the smallest branches of the bronchi

Front 26

alveoli

Back 26

also known as air sacs; very small grape-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole; function to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 27

pulmonary capillaries

Back 27

a microscopic network of capillaries that surround the alveoli; exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through the thin, elastic walls of the alveoli

Front 28

surfactant

Back 28

a detergent-like substance produced by the alveoli which reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the lungs

Front 29

lungs

Back 29

the essential organ of respiration; divided into two lobes

Front 30

right lung

Back 30

largest of the two lungs; divides into three lobes

Front 31

left lung

Back 31

has only two lobes due to space restrictions because of the heart

Front 32

mediastinum

Back 32

The middle section of the chest cavity; is located between the lungs; contains connective tissue and organs - hear,t veins, arteries, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, thymus gland, and lymph nodes

Front 33

pleura

Back 33

a thin, moist, and slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

Front 34

parietal pleura

Back 34

the outer layer of the pleura, lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm, and forms the sac containing each lung; attached to the chest wall

Front 35

visceral pleura

Back 35

the inner layer of the pleura that covers each lung; is attached directly to the lungs

Front 36

pleural cavity

Back 36

the thin, fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes;fluid acts as a lubricant, allowing the membranes to slide easily over each other during respiration

Front 37

phrenic nerve

Back 37

stimulates the diaphragm

Front 38

aphonia

Back 38

the loss of the ability of the larynx to make normal speech sounds

Front 39

dysphonia

Back 39

difficulty in speaking which may include impairment of vocal quality

Front 40

trachiorrhagia

Back 40

bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea

Front 41

branchiectasis

Back 41

the permanent dilation of the bronchi caused by chronic infection and inflammation

Front 42

bronchorrhea

Back 42

excessive discharge of mucus often caused by asthma or bronchitis

Front 43

pleurisy or pleuritis

Back 43

an inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity; may result from trauma, tuberculosis, connective tissue disease, or infection

Front 44

pleurodynia

Back 44

a sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes of the pleura rub against each other with each inhalation

Front 45

pyothorax

Back 45

aka empyema of the pleural cavity is the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membranes

Front 46

empyema

Back 46

refers to a collection of pus in a body cavity

Front 47

hemothorax

Back 47

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity; results from chest trauma, disease, or surgery

Front 48

pneumothorax

Back 48

the accumulation of air in the pleural spaces resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to partially or fully collapse

Front 49

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 49

a life-threatening lung condition usually caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke or fumes inhalation, inhales vomit, or sepsis; inflammation in the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in the blood

Front 50

atelectasis

Back 50

collapsed lung; the incomplete expansion of part of the lung due to a blockage of air passages or pneumothorax

Front 51

pulmonary edema

Back 51

the accumulation of fluids in the lung tissues, especially the alveoli

Front 52

pulmonary embolism

Back 52

the sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by a foreign matter or by an embolus that has formed in the leg or pelvic region

Front 53

pneumorrhagia

Back 53

bleeding from the lungs

Front 54

tuberculosis

Back 54

an infectious, opportunistic disease affecting the lungs caused by the Myobacterium tuberculosis; causes pleurisy and coughing blood

Front 55

multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Back 55

a dangerous form of tuberculosis that occurs when the drug regimen is not strictly followed rendering the treatment insufficient to destroy all the bacteria

Front 56

pneumonia

Back 56

a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages are filled with fluid and pus

Front 57

bronchopneumonia

Back 57

a localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles

Front 58

lobar pneumonia

Back 58

a type of pneumonia that affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more lobes

Front 59

aspiration pneumonia

Back 59

pneumonia caused by the inhalation of a foreign substance

Front 60

bacterial pneumonia

Back 60

most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae; only form of pneumonia that can be prevented by a vaccine

Front 61

community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Back 61

any pneumonia that results from a contagious infection squires outside a hospital or facility

Front 62

hospital-aquired pneumonia

aka nosocominal pneumonia

Back 62

a type of pneumonia contracted during a hospital stay when patients' defenses are impaired; especially ventilator patients

Front 63

walking pneumonia aka mycoplasma pneumonia

Back 63

milder but longer-lasting pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 64

pneumocystis pneumonia

Back 64

an opportunistic infection caused by the yeast-like fungus Pneumocystis carinii

Front 65

viral pneumonia

Back 65

a pneumonia caused by several different types of viruses; accounts for approximately a third of all pneumonia

Front 66

interstitial lung disease

Back 66

a disease that refers to a group of almost 200 disorders that can cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and supporting structures; results in lung tissues becoming scarred or stiff, leading to a reduction of oxygen transferring to blood

Front 67

pulmonary fibrosis

Back 67

the progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung with decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty breathing

Front 68

pneumoconiosis

Back 68

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact

Front 69

asbestosis

Back 69

caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after environmental exposure to asbestos

Front 70

silicosis

Back 70

a type of pneumonia caused by inhaling silica dust usually occurs after working in occupations involving foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glasswork, and sandblasting

Front 71

cystic fibrosis

Back 71

a life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

Front 72

lung cancer

Back 72

the leading cause of cancer deaths in the US; condition in which cancer cells from in tissues of the lung

Front 73

eupnea

Back 73

easy or normal breathing; baseline for judging breathing disorders

Front 74

apnea

Back 74

the temporary absence of spontaneous respiration

Front 75

bradypnea

Back 75

abnormally slow rate of respiration; usually less than 10 breaths per minute

Front 76

Cheyne Stokes respiration

Back 76

irregular pattern of respiration characterized by alternating rapid/shallow respiration followed by respiration or apnea

Front 77

tachypnea

Back 77

abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually of more than 20 breaths per minute

Front 78

dyspnea

Back 78

difficulty or labored breathing; shortness of breath

Front 79

hyperpnea

Back 79

commonly associated with exertion; breathing deeper and more rapidly than normal

Front 80

hypopnea

Back 80

shallow or slow respiration

Front 81

hyperventilation

Back 81

abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration usually associated with anxiety; decreases levels of carbon dioxide causing dizziness and tingling

Front 82

sleep apnea

Back 82

a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for long enough to cause decreased oxygen levels; Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) caused by muscles in the back of the throat relaxing and narrowing

Front 83

cyanosis

Back 83

bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

Front 84

hypercapnia

Back 84

abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

Front 85

hypoxemia

Back 85

the condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood due to heart conditions and respiratory disorders

Front 86

functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Back 86

a procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus

Front 87

laryngectomy

Back 87

the surgical removal of the larynx

Front 88

laryngotomy

Back 88

a surgical incision into the larynx, performed when the upper part of the airway is obstructed

Front 89

septoplasty

Back 89

a surgical repair or alteration of parts of nasal septum

Front 90

tracheostomy

Back 90

surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing

Front 91

tracheotomy

Back 91

the procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage