Medical Microbiology With Diseases By Taxonomy 2Nd Edition

Front 1

Aquificae

Back 1

hyperthermophilic chemolithcautotrophs

Front 2

Thermotogae

Back 2

hyperthermophilic, obligately anaerobic, fermentive heterotroph

Front 3

Thermodesulfobacteria

Back 3

thermophilic, sulfate-rudcing bacteria

Front 4

Chrysiogenetes

Back 4

a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium

Front 5

Nitrospira

Back 5

Includes nitrite-oxidizers, thermophilic sulfate reducers, and acidophilic iron oxidizers

Front 6

Deferribacteres

Back 6

A group aquatic anaerobic bacteria

Front 7

Chloroflexi

Back 7

Green non sulfur bacteria

Front 8

Thermomicrobia

Back 8

Hyperthermophilic chemoheterotrophs

Front 9

Fibrobacteres

Back 9

Cellulose digesting, anaerobic rumen bacteria

Front 10

Proteobacteria

Back 10

Purple bacteria and relatives

Front 11

Planctomycetes

Back 11

Bacteria with peptidoglycan- less cell walls and budding reproduction

Front 12

Chlamydiae

Back 12

obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells

Front 13

Spirochaetes

Back 13

Spiral shaped chemoheterotrophs

Front 14

Bacteroidetes

Back 14

A diverse group including pathogens, commensals, and free living bacteria

Front 15

Chlorobi

Back 15

green sulfur bacteria

Front 16

Actinobacteria

Back 16

high G+C gram positives

Front 17

Deinococcus-Thermus

Back 17

a group of extremophiles

Front 18

Cyanobacteria

Back 18

oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and chloroplasts

Front 19

Firmicutes

Back 19

low G+C gram positives

Front 20

Fusobacteria

Back 20

anaerobic heterotrophs, many involved in human infections

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Fusobacteria

Back 21

Anaerobic heterotrophs, many involved in human infections

Front 22

Verrucomicrobia

Back 22

Terrestrial, aquatic, some associated with eukaryotic hosts

Front 23

Acidobacteria

Back 23

acidophilic bacteria common in soils

Front 24

Dictyoglomi

Back 24

thermophilic chemoorganotrophs

Front 25

Gemmatimonadetes

Back 25

Gram- negative bacteria lacking DAP in thier cell envelopes

Front 26

Microbiology

Back 26

study of microscopic organisms

Front 27

Microrganisms Include:

Back 27

Bacteria
Fungi
Protists
Viruses
Worms

Front 28

Bacteria

Back 28

Simple single cell

Front 29

Fungi

Back 29

single and multi cell forms
(yeast, filamentous molds, complex fungi)

Front 30

Protists

Back 30

single cell, some multicellular
(algae, protozoans, slime molds)

Front 31

Organisms studied in Microbiology:

Back 31

Bacteriology
Phycology
Virology
Mycology
Protozoology
Parasitology

Front 32

Bacteriology

Back 32

study of bacteria
organism division studied

Front 33

Phycology

Back 33

study of algae
organism division studied

Front 34

Virology

Back 34

study of viruses
organism division studied

Front 35

Mycology

Back 35

study of fungi
organism division studied

Front 36

Protozoology

Back 36

study of protozoa
organism division studied

Front 37

Parasitology

Back 37

study of parasites
organism division studied

Front 38

Etiology

Back 38

identitifcation of causative agent of disease
(health related)

Front 39

Epidemiology

Back 39

study of spread, of disease
(health related)

Front 40

Immunology

Back 40

study of immune system
(health related)

Front 41

Chemotherapy

Back 41

treatment of disease with chemical compounds
(health related microbiology)

Front 42

Infection Control

Back 42

control of spread of infectious disease
(health related microbiology)

Front 43

Beneficial Applications to Life

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a. causative agents of infectious disease
b.normal flora
c. enviromental importance
d. industrial importance
e. research

Front 44

3 roles of Normal Flora benefits to life

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1. beneficial metabolic functions
2.antagonistic effect- prevents invasion pathogens, over growth of potential pathogens
3. normal flora vs. identification pathogen

Front 45

4 Enviromental imporances beneficial applications of life

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decomposers
produce oxygen
food chain
sweage treatment

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4 industrial importances of beneficial applications of life

Back 46

food industry
brewing industry
pharmaceutical industry
genetic engineering

Front 47

3 research (genetic, metobolism) beneficial applications of life

Back 47

simple cell structure
rapid rate of growth
inexpensive to culture

Front 48

Cell Envelope

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3 layers of material that envelope or enclose the protoplasm of the cell

Front 49

Mycoplasmas

Back 49

group of bacteria that lack a cell wall

Front 50

Virulence

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the degree of pathogenicity of a microbe. meaning the degree of ability to cause dame to the host

Front 51

Toxins

Back 51

molecules that cause damage to the host cell: bacteria that procuces toxins called toxigenic.

Front 52

Exotoxins

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proteins in nature as they are enzymes reslease bye bacteria to aid in colonization or ivasion

Front 53

Cytotoxins

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affect fuctions of host cells, often killing them

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Diphtheria Toxin

Back 54

inhibs proten syntheis in eukaryotic cells
type of cytotoxin
and is produced by corynebacterium diphtheriae

Front 55

Neurotoxins

Back 55

interfer with normal nerve impulse transmission
(ex. botulinum toxin and tetanus toxin)

Front 56

Enterotoxins

Back 56

interfere with bluid and electrolyte balance in gastrointestinal epithelium, leading to sever dehydration
produced by Vibrio Chloerae

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Endotoxins

Back 57

derived from LPS from the cell walls of Gram negative bacteria that are released due to the death of a gram negative bacterial cell leads to release of endotoxin (which is a lipid A portion of LPS)
if released in large amounts can lead to septic block

Front 58

Coevolution

Back 58

*changes are due to a response to a genetic change in another speicies(or group) resulting in reciprocal evolutionary change in interacting species.
*when different species evolve in response to each other reguardless of that evolutions being mutualistic or competitiveness or prey/predator or parasite/host

Front 59

Plasma Membrane

Back 59

layer of phospholipid and proteins, which is also known as cytoplasmic membrane

Front 60

Autotrophs

Back 60

organisms that utilize an inorganic carbon source (CO2) as thier sole source. They make organic compounds from CO2 and dont need to feed on organic compounds from other organisms to acquire C.

Front 61

Heterotrophs

Back 61

organisms that obtain their energy by breaking down ready made organic moleculesas they do not have the ability to produce organic carbon from inorganic sources.

Front 62

Chemotrophs

Back 62

organism that acquire energy from redox reactions involving inorganic and organic chemicals.

Front 63

Phototrophs

Back 63

organisms that use light as thier energy source.

Front 64

Photoautotrophs

Back 64

uses light as energy source and CO2 as carbon source- generally photosynthetic bacteria, higher plants etc.

Front 65

Photoheterotrophs

Back 65

uses light as energy source and organic compounds as carbon source- including purple and green bacteria.

Front 66

Chemoautotrophs

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utilises a chemical energy source (generally from reduced compounds NH3 N03 ions) and C02 as carbon source- only certain wierd bacteria belong in this class

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Chemoheterotrophs

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utilizes a chemical energy source and organic compounds as carbon source- vast majority of bacteria fall into this class.

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4 basic elements micro organisms need for growth:

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C N P S

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amino acids

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required as constituents of proteins

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Purines and Pyrimides

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required as constituents of nucleic acids

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vitamins

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required so that enzymatic reactions can occur efficiently

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Commensalism

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one benefits, so one host is obviously affected either positively or negatively

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Mutualism

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both benefit from the association this is a synergistic relationship

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Synergistic relationship

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individual members of an association cooperate so taht each receives benefits that exceed those that would result if each lived by itself

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Parasitism

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one benefits, the other host is potentially harmed (also known asantagonistic relationship)

Front 76

Antagonistic relationship

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relationship in which one organism harms or even kills another organism (ex virus)

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Symbiotic relationship

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organisms live in such close nutritional or physical contact that they become interdependent.

Front 78

Biofilms

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complex relationships between numerous individuals, often of differant species.

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Quorum sensing

Back 79

biofilms form due to this process.
response to bacteria in which they sense how many other bacteria are in the enviroment. the bacteria will secrete molecules into the enviroment that act as signals.

Front 80

Sterilization

Back 80

complete destruction

121 degree C/15 mins

Front 81

Disinfection

Back 81

application of chemicals to objects

ex. chlorination of water to kill pathogens

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Antisepsis

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Application of chemicals to living tissue

ex. treatment of wounds

Front 83

bacteriostasis

Back 83

halts growth but doesnt kill

ex. Refrigeration, dyes in foods

Front 84

Asepsis

Back 84

absence of pathogens; aseptic techniques

ex. air filtration, uv lights, gloves, gowns

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Sanitization

Back 85

Public health; mechanical/chemical cleansing

ex. platability of food.

Front 86

Disinfection

Back 86

application of chemicals to objects

ex. chlorination of water to kill pathogens

Front 87

Antisepsis

Back 87

Application of chemicals to living tissue

ex. treatment of wounds

Front 88

bacteriostasis

Back 88

halts growth but doesnt kill

ex. Refrigeration, dyes in foods

Front 89

Asepsis

Back 89

absence of pathogens; aseptic techniques

ex. air filtration, uv lights, gloves, gowns

Front 90

Sanitization

Back 90

Public health; mechanical/chemical cleansing

ex. platability of food.