Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Observational learning Bandura’s |
Observational learning isan explanation of media influences on anti-social behaviour where by children observe theactions of media role models and imitate these behaviours, especially when thechild admires and identifies with the model . Watching TV informs viewers ofthe positive and negative consequences of negative behaviour. Bandura’s research supports the view thatchildren learn specific acts of aggression and also learn increasedaggressiveness though imitating models. |
observe,imitate,admires,identifies,informs,positive, negative, consequences,supports,acts |
|
|
Desensitisation |
Desensitisationis also an explanation of media influences on anti-social behaviour.Desensitisationinvolves reducing our sensitivity to violent acts. This reduced sensitivityoccurs if people repeatedly view violent acts and research has shown reduced physiological arousal in those whohave previously viewed violence as compared to those who have not seen it. It suggests that repeated exposure toviolence for example on TV leaves us less sensitive to the state of thevictims. For example when we hurt someone or see someone else hurt this producesand unpleasant emotional response. This is part of our ability to empathisewith others. If you were to hit someone and draw blood you would feel bad.However, if you’d seen enough people hit either in real life or on TV/film yourresponse may be dulled and you may not be affected in the same way. |
reducing,sensitivity,repeatedly,physiological,exposure,violence,state,unpleasant,empathise,blood,dulled |
|
|
Bandura |
There is evidence that supports observationallearning as an explanation for media influences on anti-social behaviour,Bandura compared a live adult, the samefilmed adult and the same adult dressed as catwoman to simulate cartoonaggression. He found that aggression was higher in the filmed conditions thanthe live condition. This suggests that witnessing aggression causedparticipants to imitate that aggression and it was more noticeable through theuse of media. Therefore the study has shown that participants observed andremembered the behaviour, had the opportunity to reproduce it at another timeand were vicariously reinforced by seeing the model being rewarded onfilm. Consequently,this suggests that the notion that the media has had an influential role in thedevelopment of anti-social behaviour in children, in that they imitate whatthey see. |
live,filmed,cat woman,higher,filmed,witnessing,imitate,noticeable,observed,remembered,opportunity,vicariously,media |
|
|
Charlton et al |
Therehas also been contradictory evidence provided by Charlton et al (2000) who Followedup the introduction of the TV at an island called St Helena and found thatthere was no changes In behaviour as a result of the introduction of TV howeverchanges in views/attitudes were noticed and they were more genderstereotypical. Thischallenges the assumption that observational learning has an effect onanti-social behaviour as the participants saw the behaviour, remembered it but did not imitate it when having theopportunity to. This in turn seriously casts doubt on whether people imitateviolence seen on TV. |
contradictory, St Helena,no changes,introduction,views/attitudes,gender,assumption,anti, casts doubt |
|
|
Cline et al (1973) |
There is evidence to support desensitisationas an explanation for media influences on anti-social behaviour. Cline et al(1973) exposed children and adults to mild scenes of violence and then measuredtheir arousal and found that over time, the level of arousal in Participantsdecreased and the more violence participants watched, the less arousal responsethey showed when presented with a new scene of violence. This suggests that theparticipants had become desensitised to the violence because the repeated exposureled to less empathy and left them with less sensitivity to the suffering ofothers. Consequently, this providescredible support for desensitisation as an explanation for media influences onanti-social behaviour. |
support,mild scenes,arousal, time,decreased,new,suggests,repeated exposure,credible |
|
|
Cumberbatch (2001) |
Howeverthere is evidence that refutes the notion that desensitisation is anexplanation for media influences on anti-social behaviour. Cumberbatch (2001)argues that people might get used to screen violence but that does not mean aperson will also get used to violence in the real world. He claims that screenviolence is more likely to make children frightened than frightening. |
refutes,anti,used,screen,real,likely,frightened than |
