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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adenoids
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lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils
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alveolus
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air sac in the lung
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apex of the lung
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tip or uppermost portion of the lung. An apex is the tip of a structure. Apical means pertaining to the apex
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base of the lung
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lower portion of the lung. Basilar means pertaining to the base
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bronchioles
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smallest branches of the bronchi. Terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts
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bronchus
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branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung; bronchial tube
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carbon dioxide (CO2)
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gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs
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cilia
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thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. Cigarette smoke impairs the function of cilia
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diaphragm
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muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible
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epiglottis
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lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing
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expiration
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breathing (exhalation)
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glottis
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slit-like opening to the larynx
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hilum (of lung)
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midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. Hilar means pertaining to the hilum
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inspiration
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breathing in (inhalation)
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larynx
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voice box; containing the vocal cords
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lobe
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division of a lung
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mediastinum
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region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes
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nares
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openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
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oxygen (O2)
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gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells
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palatine tonsil
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one of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth)
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paranasal sinus
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one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
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parietal pleura
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outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall
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pharynx
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throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
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pleura
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double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
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pleural cavity
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space between the folds of the pleura
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pulmonary parenchyma
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essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli
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respiration
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process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing
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trachea
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windpipe
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visceral pleura
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inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
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adenoid/o
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adenoids
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adenoidectomy
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adenoid-adenoids
ectomy-removal |
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adenoid hypertrophy
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adenoid-adenoids
hyper-excessive trophy-nourishment; development |
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alveol/o
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alveolus, air sac
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alveolar
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alveol-alveolus
ar-pertaining to |
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bronch/o, bronchi/o
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bronchial tube, bronchus
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bronchospasm
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bronch-bronchial tube
spasm-sudden contraction of muscles this is a chief characteristic of asthma and bronchitis |
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bronchiectasis
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bronchi-bronchial tube
ectasis-dilation, widening caused by weakening of the bronchial wall from infection |
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bronchodilator
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bronch-bronchial tube
dilator-dilation, enlargement this drug causes dilation, or enlargement, of the opening of a bronchus to improve ventilation to the lungs. An example is albuterol, delivered via an inhaler |
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bronchopleural
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bronch-bronchial tube
pleur-pleura al-pertaining to A bronchopleural fistula is an abnormal connection between the bronchial tube and the pleural cavity (space). Occurring as a result of lung disease, this can cause an air leak into the pleural space |
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bronchiol/o
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bronchiole, small bronchus
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bronchiolitis
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bronchiol-bronchiole, small bronchus
itis-inflammation This is an acute viral infection occurring in infants younger than 18 months of age |
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capn/o
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carbon dioxide
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hypercapnia
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hyper-excessive
capn-carbon dioxide ia-condition |
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coni/o
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dust
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pneumoconiosis
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pneumo-lung; air; gas
coni-dust sis-state of |
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cyan/o
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blue
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cyanosis
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cyan-blue
sis-state of caused by deficient oxygen in the blood |
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epiglott/o
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epiglottis
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epiglottitis
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epiglott-epiglottis
itis-inflammation characterized by fever, sore throat, and an erythematous, swollen epiglottis |
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laryng/o
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larynx, voice box
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laryngeal
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laryng-larynx, voice box
eal-pertaining to |
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laryngospasm
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laryng-larynx
spasm-sudden contraction of muscles Spasmodic closure of the larynx |
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laryngitis
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laryng-larynx
itis-inflammation |
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lob/o
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lobe of the lung
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lobectomy
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lob-lobe of the lung
ectomy-removal |
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mediastin/o
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mediastinum
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mediastinoscopy
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mediastin-mediastinum
scopy-visual examination An endoscope is inserted through an incision in the chest |
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nas/o
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nose
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paranasal sinuses
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para-near
nas-nose al-pertaining to |
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nasogastric intubation
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nas-nose
gastr-stomach ic-pertaining to intubation |
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ortho/o
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straight, upright
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orthopnea
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ortho-straight, upright
pnea-breathing An abnormal condition in which breathing (-pnea) is easier in the upright position. A major cause of orthopnea is congestive heart failure (the lungs fill with fluid when the patient is lying flat). Physicians assess the degree of orthopnea by the number of pillows a patient requires to sleep comfortably (e.g., two-pillow orthopnea) |
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ox/o
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oxygen
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hypoxia
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hyp-deficient
ox-oxygen ia-condition tissues have a decreased amount of oxygen, and cyanosis can result |
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pector/o
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chest
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expectoration
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ex-out; away
pectoro-chest ation-process, condition Expectorated sputum can contain mucus, blood, cellular debris, pus, and microorganisms |
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pharyng/o
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pharynx, throat
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pharyngeal
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pharyng-pharynx
eal-pertaining to |
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phon/o
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voice
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dysphonia
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dys-difficult, painful
phon-voice ia-condition Hoarseness or other voice impairment |
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phren/o
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diaphragm
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phrenic nerve
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phren-diaphragm
ic-pertaining to The motor nerve to the diaphragm |
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pleur/o
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pleura
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pleurodynia
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pleuro-pleura
dynia-pain The intercostal muscles are inflamed |
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pleural effusion
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pleur-pleura
al-pertaining to An effusion is the escape of fluid from blood vessels or lymphatics into a cavity or into tissue spaces |
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pneum/o, pneumon/o
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air, lung
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pneumothorax
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pneumo-air, lung
thorax-chest Air accumulates in the pleural cavity, between the layers of the pleura |
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pneumonectomy
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pneumon-air, lung
ectomy-removal |
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pulmon/o
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lung
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pulmonary
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pulmon-lung
ary-pertaining to |
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rhin/o
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nose
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rhinorrhea
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rhin-nose
rrhea-discharge |
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rhinoplasty
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rhin-nose
plasty-surgical repair |
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sinus/o
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sinus, cavity
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sinusitis
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sinus-sinus
itis-inflammation |
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spir/o
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breathing
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spirometer
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spiro-breathing
meter-measure |
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expiration
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ex-out, away
pir-breathing ation-process; condition Note that the s is omitted (when it's preceded by an x) |
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respiration
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re-back; again; backward
spir-breathing ation-process; condition Cheyne-Stokes respirations are marked by rhythmic changes in the depth of breathing. The pattern occurs every 45 seconds to 3 minutes. The cause may be heart failure or brain damage, both of which affect the respiratory center in the brain |
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tel/o
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complete
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atelectasis
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a-no, not, without
tel-complete ectasis-dilation, widening Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion (-ectasis) of a lung. Atelectasis may occur after surgery when a patient experiences pain and does not take deep breaths, preventing full expansion of the lungs |
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thorac/o
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chest
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thoracotomy
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thorac-chest
tomy-process of cutting |
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thoracic
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thorac-chest
ic-pertaining to |
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tonsill/o
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tonsils
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tonsillectomy
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tonsill-tonsils
ectomy-removal The oropharyngeal (palatine) tonsils are removed |
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trache/o
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trachea, windpipe
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tracheotomy
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trache-trachea
tomy-process of cutting |
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tracheal stenosis
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trache-trachea
al-pertainingto stenosis-tightening Having an endotracheal tube in place for a prolonged period may lead to tracheal trauma or the formation of scar tissue |
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ema
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condition
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empyema
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em-in
py-pus ema-condition Empyema (pyothorax) is a collection of pus in the pleural cavity |
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osmia
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smell
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anosmia
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an-anus
osmia-smell |
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pnea
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breathing
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apnea
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a-no, without
pnea-breathing Sleep apnea is sudden cessation of breathing during sleep. It can result in hypoxia, leading to cognitive impairment, hypertension, and arrhythmias. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves narrowing or occlusion in the upper airway. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is gentle ventilatory support used to keep the airways open |
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dyspnea
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dys-abnormal
pnea-breathing Associated with shortness of breath (SOB). Paroxysmal (sudden) nocturnal dyspnea may be experienced by patients with congestive heart failure when they recline in bed. Patients often describe the sensation as "air hunger" |
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hyperpnea
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hyper-excessive
pnea-breathing an increase in the depth of breathing, occurring normally with exercise and abnormally with any condition in which the supply of oxygen in inadequate |
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tachypnea
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tachy-fast
pnea-breathing Excessively rapid and shallow breathing; hyperventilation |
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ptysis
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spitting
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hemoptysis
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hemo-blood
ptysis-spitting |
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sphyxia
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pulse
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asphyxia
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a-no, without
sphyxia-pulse Blockage of breathing and sever hypoxia leads to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, loss of consciousness, and death (lack of pulse) |
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thorax
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pleural cavity, chest
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hemothorax
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hemo-blood
thorax-pleural cavity, chest |
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pyothorax
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pyo-pus
thorax-pleural cavity, chest Empyema of the chest |
