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26 Cards in this Set
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Generic: Docusate Sodium
Trade: Colace, Docusil, Promolaxin Lab Values: None reported Therapeutic Class: Laxatives Pharmacologic Class: Surfactants |
Indication: Stool Softener
Adverse Reaction: bitter taste, mild abdominal cramping, diarrhea, laxative dependence over long term or excessive use Mechanism of Action: reduces surface tension of interfacing liquid contents of bowel and promotes incorporation of additional liquid into stools |
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Generic: Bromocriptine Mesylate
Trade: Cycloset, Pardolel Lab Values: Increase alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, BUN, CK, and uric acid levels Therapeutic Class: Antiparkinsonians Pharmacologic Class: Dopamine Receptor Agonists |
Indication: Parkinson's disease, infertility, hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, traumatic brain injury, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (cycloset only)
Adverse Effects: Seizures, stroke, acute MI Mechanism of Action: Inhibits secretion of prolactin and acts as a dopamine-receptor agonist by activating postsynaptic dopamine receptors; improves glycemic control |
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Generic: Enoxaparin Sodium
Trade: Lovenox Lab Values: Increase ALT and AST. Decrease hemoglobin levels and platelet count Therapeutic Class: Anticoagulants Pharmacologic Class: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins |
Indication: Prevent DVT, Prevent ischemic complications of unstable angina, and non-q-wave MI with oral aspirin, Acute ST-segment elevation MI
Adverse Effects: Thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, angioedema, anaphylaxis Mechanism of Action: Accelerates formation of antithrombin III-thrombin complex and deactivates thrombin, preventing conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin |
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Generic: Levetiracetam
Trade: Keppra, Keppra XR Lab Values: Alter liver function, decrease hemoglobin and hematocrit, decrease WBC, RBC, and neutrophil counts Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Pharmacologic Class: Pyrrolidine Derivatives |
Indication: myoclonic seizures of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, partial onset seizures for pt. with epilepsy
Adverse Effects: leukopenia, neutropenia, ataxia Mechanism of Action: May act by inhibiting simultaneous neuronal firing that leads to seizure activity |
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Generic: Scopolamine Hydrobromide (Hyoscine
Hydrobromide) Trade: Scopace Lab Values: Therapeutic Class: Anticholinergic, Antivertigo Pharmacologic Class: Antimuscarinic |
Indication: Excessive GI motility and hypertonia in IBS, mild dysentery, diverticulitis, pylorospasm, and cardiospasm.
Adverse Effects: Transient heart rate changes, urinary retention Mechanism of Action: Acts as competitive inhibitor at postganglionic muscarinic receptor sites of parasympathetic nervous system and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. May block cholinergic transmission from vestibular nuclei to higher CNS centers and from reticular formation to vomiting centre. |
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Generic: Simvastatin (synvinolin)
Trade: Zocor Lab Values: increase in glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar, ALT, AST, and CK levels Therapeutic Class: Antilipemics Pharmacologic Class: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors |
Indication:Reduce risk of death for CV pts. by reducing total LDL cholesterol
Adverse Effects: Upper respiratory tract infection, abdominal pain Mechanism of Action: Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an early (and rate-limiting) step in cholesterol biosynthesis |
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Generic: Morphine Sulfate
Trade: Duramorph, astramorph, Avinza Lab Values: Increase amylase levels, decrease hemoglobin level, platelet count, cause abnormal liver test functions Therapeutic Class: Opioid Analgesics Pharmacologic Class: Opioids |
Indication: Moderate to severe pain, severe or chronic pain associated with terminal cancer
Adverse Effects: Seizures, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, shock, thrombocytopenia, apnea, respiratory arrest, respiratory depression Mechanism of Action: Unknown. Binds with opioid receptors in the CNS, altering perception of and emotional response to pain. |
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Generic: Hydromorphone Hydrochloride
Trade: Dilaudid, Exalgo Lab Values: Increase amylase and lipase levels, interfere with hepatobiliary imaging due to delayed gastric emptying and contraction of sphincter Therapeutic Class: Opioid Analgesics Pharmacologic Class: Opioids |
Indication: Moderate to severe pain
Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, respiratory depression, bronchospasm Mechanism of Action: Unknown. Binds with opioid receptors in the CNS, altering perception of and emotional response to pain. Suppresses cough reflex by direct action on the cough center in medulla. |
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Generic: Ketorolac
Trade: Sprix, Toradol Lab Values: Increase AST and ALT levels, increase bleeding time Therapeutic Class: NSAIDs Pharmacologic Class: NSAIDs |
Indication: Short-term management of moderately severe, acute pain
Adverse Effects: Arrhythmias, renal failure Mechanism of Action: May inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, to produce anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. |
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Generic: Celecoxib
Trade: Celebrex Lab Values: Increase AST, ALT, BUN, Creatinine, and Chloride levels, decrease phosphate levels Therapeutic Class: NSAIDS Pharmacologic Class: Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors |
Indication: Relieve S&S of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, anky-losing spondylitis, acute pain and primary dysmenorrhea,
Adverse Effects: erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis Mechanism of Action: Thought to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, impeding cyclooxygenase-2 to produce anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects |
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Generic: Rofecoxib
Trade: Vioxx Lab Values: None. Therapeutic Class: NSAIDs Pharmacologic Class: COX-2 Inhibitor |
Indication: Arthritis, acute pain, acute migraine attacks, menstrual pain and discomfort
Adverse Effects: GI bleeding, black stools, persistent abdominal pain, fatal hepatic disease Mechanism of Action: Blocks the enzyme in your body that makes prostaglandins, decreasing prostaglandins (which helps you reduce pain and swelling) |
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Generic: Phenytoin
Trade: Dilantin Lab Values: Increase alkaline phosphatase, glucose levels, decrease platelet, WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and granulocyte counts Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Pharmacologic Class: Hydantoin Derivatives |
Indication: Control tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures, pts requiring a loading dose, prevent and treat seizures occuring during neurosurgery, status epilepticus
Adverse Effects: ataxia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, toxic hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis Mechanism of Action: may stabilize neuronal membranes and limit seizure activity either by increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses |
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Generic: Divalproex Sodium
Trade: Depakote, Sprinkle, Epival Generic: Valproic Acid (Valproate Sodium) Trade: Stavzor, Depakene Lab Values: Increase ammonia, ALT, AST, bilirubin levels, eosinophil count and bleeding time. Decrease platelet count, RBC, and WBC. May cause false-positive results for urine ketone levels Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Pharmacologic Class: Carboxylic acid derivatives |
Indication: Simple and complex absence seizures (also mixed types), prevent migraine or headache, mania, complex partial seizures.
Adverse Effects: pancreatitis, bone marrow supression, hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, hepatotoxicity, erythema multiforme, hypersensitivity reactions, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Mechanism of Action: Unknown. Probably facilitates the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA |
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Generic: Carbamazepine
Trade: Tegretol, Carbatrol, Epitol Lab Values: Increase BUN, liver function test values, eosinophil, WBC. Decrease sodium, hemoglobin, hematocrit, thyroid function test values, granulocyte, and platelet counts. Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Pharmacologic Class: Iminostilbene Derivatives |
Indication: Generalized tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures, epilepsy (carbatrol only), Acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, Borderline Personality disorder, Alcohol withdrawal
Adverse Effects: Worsening of seizures, suicidal ideation, arrhythmias, AV block, heart failure, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Mechanism of Action: Stabilize neuronal membranes and limit seizure activity by either increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes in the motor cortex during generation of nerve impulses |
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Generic: Gabapentin
Trade: Neurontin Lab Values: Decrease WBC count, cause false-positive results with Ames N-Multistix SG disptick test for urine protein when used with other anticonvulsants. Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Pharmacologic Class: GABA Structural analogues |
Indication: Adjunctive treatment of partial seizures with or without secondary generalization, Postherpetic Neuralgia, Pain from diabetic neuropathy, vasomotor symptoms in women with breast cancer and in postmenopausal women
Adverse Effects: leukopenia, Mechanism of Action: Unknown. Structurally related to GABA but doesn't interact with GABA receptors, isn't converted into GABA or GABA agonist, doesn't inhibit GABA reuptake, and doesn't prevent degradation |
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Generic: Lamotrigine
Trade: Lamictal Lab Values: None reported. Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Pharmacologic Class: Phenyltriazines |
Indication: epilepsy (partial, generalized, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures), Bipolar Disorder,
Adverse Effects: Seizures, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis Mechanism of Action: Unknown. May inhibit release of glutamate and aspartate (excitatory neurotransmitters) in the brain via an action at voltage-sensitive sodium channels. |
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Generic: Lorazepam
Trade: Ativan Lab Values: Increase liver function test values Therapeutic Class: Anxiolytics Pharmacologic Class: Benzodiazepines |
Indication: Anxiety, Insomnia, Preoperative sedation, Status epilepticus
Adverse Effects: visual disturbances, amnesia Mechanism of Action: May potentiate the effects of GABA, depress the CNS, and suppress the spread of seizure activity |
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Generic: Clobazam
Trade: Onfi Lab Values: None reported. Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsants Pharmacologic Class: Benzodiazepines |
Indication: Adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Adverse Effects: dysarthria, sedation, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis Mechanism of Action: Thought to involve potentiating GABA neurotransmission |
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Generic: Dexamethasone
Trade: Dexpak, Decadron Lab Values: Increase cholesterol, glucose. Decrease calcium, potassium, T3 and T4 levels, decrease I uptake and protein-bound iodine levels in thyroid function. Therapeutic Class: Corticosteroids Pharmacologic Class: Glucocorticoids |
Indication: Cerebral Edema, Palliative management of recurrent or inoperable brain tumors, Inflammatory conditions, neoplasias, acute exacerbations of chronic allergic disorders, shock, Dexamethasone suppression test for Cushing syndrome, Adrenocortical insufficiency, Tiberculous Meningitis, Acute exarcerbation of MS
Adverse Effects: Pseudomotor cerebri, seizures, heart failure, thromboembolism, pancreatitis, angioedema, sudden withdrawal may be fatal. Mechanism of Action: Unclear. Decreases inflammation, mainly by stabilizing leukocyte lysosomal membranes; suppresses immune response; stimulates bone marrow; and influences protein, fat, and carb metabolism. |
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Generic: Desmopressin Acetate
Trade: Minirin, Stimate Lab Values: May decrease sodium levels Therapeutic Class: Hemostatics Pharmacologic Class: Posterior pituitary hormones |
Indication: Non-nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, temporary polyuria, and polydipsia related to pituitary trauma, Hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease, Primary nocturnal enuresis
Adverse Effects: Seizures Mechanism of Action: Increases the permeability of renal tubular epithelium to adenosine monophosphate and water, enabling the epithelium to promote reabsorption of water and produce a concentrated urine. Also increases factor VIII activity by releasing endogenous factor VIII from plasma storage sites |
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Generic: Ranitidine Hydrochloride
Trade: Zantac Lab Values: Increase creatinine and ALT level, may cause false-positive results in urine proteins test using Multistix. Therapeutic Class: Antiulcer Drugs Pharmacologic Class: H2-Receptor Antagonists |
Indication: Active duodenal gastric ulcer, Pathologic hypersecretory conditions, Erosive esophagitis, Heartburn, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (G.E.R.D.)
Adverse Effects: anaphylaxis, angioedema, jaundice Mechanism of Action: Competitively inhibits action of histamine at H2-receptor sites of parietal cells, decreasing gastric acid secretion. |
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Generic: Ciprofloxacin
Trade: Cipro Lab Values: Increase alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, LDH, and GGT levels. Increase eosinophil count. Decrease WBC, neutrophil, and platelet counts. Therapeutic Class: Antibiotics Pharmacologic Class: Fluoroquinolones |
Indication: Complicated intra-abdominal infection, severe or complicated bone or joint infection, severe respiratory tract infection, severe skin or skin-structure infection, UTI, Nosocomial pneumonia, Chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute sinusitis, Inhalation anthrax (postexposure), Anthrax Prophylaxis, Plague, Traveler's Diarrhea, Tularemia, Infective endocarditis, Surgical prophylaxis, Chancroid, Granuloma inguinale, infection prophylaxis in cancer-related neutropenia
Adverse Effects: seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis. Mechanism of Action: Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis, mainly by blocking DNA gyrase; bactericidal. |
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Generic: Warfarin Sodium
Trade: Coumadin, Jantoven Lab Values: Increase ALT and AST, INR, PT, PTT. Falsely decrease theophylline levels. Therapeutic Class: Anticoagulants Pharmacologic Class: Coumarin Derivatives |
Indication: Pulmonary embolism, DVT, MI, Rheumatic heart disease, Chronic A-Fib
Adverse Effects: Hemorrhage, Hepatitis, Anaphylactic reactions. Mechanism of Action: Inhibits vitamin K-dependent activation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, formed in the liver. |
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Generic: Cefazolin Sodium
Trade: Ancef, Kefzol Lab Values: Increase alkaline phosphatase, ALT, AST, bilirubin, GGt, LDH, and eosinophil count. Decrease neutrophil, platelet and WBC counts. May falsely increase serum or urine creatinine. Therapeutic Class: Antibiotics Pharmacologic Class: First-Generation Cephalosporins |
Indication: Perioperative prevention in contaminated surgery, Infections of respiratory, biliary, and GU tracts, septicemia, E. Coli, Bone and Joint infections
Adverse Effects: Pseudomembranous colitis, neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Mechanism of Action: Inhibits cell-wall synthesis, promoting osmotic instability; usually bactericidal. |
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Generic: Granisetron
Trade: Sancuso Lab Values: Increase ALT, AST levels, Decrease hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet and WBC counts. May alter fluid and electrolyte levels with prolonged use. Therapeutic Class: Antiemetics Pharmacologic Class: Selective Serotonin Receptor Antagonists |
Indication: Prevent nausea and vomiting from emetogenic cancer chemotherapy, radiation, and postoperative.
Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, Leukocytosis, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Anaphylaxis, Mechanism of Action: May block 5-HT3 in the CNS in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and in the peripheral nervous system on nerve terminals of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. |
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Trade: Lab Values: Therapeutic Class: Pharmacologic Class: |
Indication:
Adverse Effects: Mechanism of Action: |
