Neuro Cards For Exam 2

Front 1

Akinesia (Dyskinesia)

Back 1

impaired ability to initiate voluntary and spnotaneous motor responses such as the interruption of performance in movement when attention is distracted

Front 2

Fasciculations

Back 2

Rapid flickering twitching movements of a part of a muscle occurring irregularly in time and location

Front 3

Chorea

Back 3

abrupt irregular movements of short duration involving the hands fingers arms face tongue and head

Front 4

Huntingtons chorea

Back 4

degenerative disease of the basal ganglia in the brain. It is characterized by abnormalities in postural reactions, trunk rotation, distribution of tone, and extraneious movements

Front 5

Tardive Dyskinesia

Back 5

Side effect of neuroleptic drugs; involuntary movement disorder most often characterized by puckering of the lips tongue and or writhing of the arms and legs

Front 6

Athetosis

Back 6

nonrythmic. sloww writhing,sinous movements, predominantly in distal muscles; alternating postures of the proximal limbs often blend continuously to produce a flowing stream of movement. Athetosis often occurs with chorea as choreoasthetosis caused by dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia

Front 7

Dystonias

Back 7

are sustained involuntary muscle contractions often distorting body posture

Front 8

Dystonic

Back 8

dostorted body positioning of the limbs neck trunk that is held for a few seconds and then releases

Front 9

Hemiballismus

Back 9

nonrythmic rapid nonsuppressable movement characterized usuually by unilateral, violent, flinging movements of the proximal arm. caused by a lesion usually an infarct around teh subthalamic nuclei

Front 10

Generalized dystonia

Back 10

rare, progressive and characterized by movements that result in sustained often bizarre postures often hereditary

Front 11

focal dystonia

Back 11

affect a single body part ; can be periodic random or progressive

Front 12

Meiges Syndrom

Back 12

involuntary blinking jaw grinding and grimacing

Front 13

Dystonic writers cramp

Back 13

occupational dystonia, focal dystonic spasms initiated by performing skilled acts such as writing or typing

Front 14

Spasmodic Torticollis

Back 14

begins with a pulling sensation followed by sustained torsion and deviation of the head and neck

Front 15

Hemifacial spasm

Back 15

unilateral painless irregular contractions of the facial muscles due to impairment of the 7th CN

Front 16

o
o
o
t
t
a
f
v
g
v
a
h

Back 16

olfactory
optic
occulomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharangyl
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

Front 17

paresis

paralysis

Back 17

partial loss of motor movement (UMN)

total loss of motor movement (LMN)

Front 18

Scale used to measure muscle tone

Back 18

modified ashworth scale

Front 19

fibrillations

Back 19

brief contractions of single muslce fibers not visible

Front 20

4 focal dystonias

Back 20

meiges disease
spasmidoc torticollis
hemifacial spasm
dystonic writres cramp

Front 21

dysdiadochokinesia

Back 21

inability to perform rapid alternating movements

Front 22

dysmetria

Back 22

inability to control range of movement; patient often overshoots target

Front 23

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Back 23

loss of movement pain adn temp

still able to feel position vibration and touch

Front 24

central cord syndrome

Back 24

loss of movement and sensation
incomplete loss

Front 25

Brown sequard syndrome

Back 25

loss of movemnt on the SAME side as the cord damage

Loss of pain and temp and sensation on the OPPOSITE

Front 26

C1-C3

Back 26

head and neck sensation
some neck control
respirator dependant

Front 27

C4

Back 27

Good head and neck sensation and motor control
Scapular elevation
diaphragmatic movement

Front 28

C5

Back 28

full head and neck control and sensation
some shoulder strength
shoulder external rotation
shoulder abduction to 90
elbow flexion
supination

Front 29

C6

Back 29

forearm pronation
wrist extension
tenodesis

Front 30

C7

Back 30

elbow extension
wrist flexion
finger extension

Front 31

allodynia

Back 31

condition in which nonpainful stimuli produce painful sensations

Front 32

hyperesthesia

Back 32

increases sensitivity to somatosensory stimuli

Front 33

hypoesthesia

Back 33

decreased sensitivity to somatosensory stimuli

Front 34

parathesia

Back 34

feeling numb or tingling

Front 35

dysesthesia

Back 35

unpleasant sense to touch often pain

Front 36

thermesthesia

Back 36

sensitivity to head or cold

Front 37

analgesia

Back 37

inability to feel pain

Front 38

hypalgesia

Back 38

decreased sensitivity to pain

Front 39

hyperalgesia

Back 39

exaggerated sense of pain

Front 40

charcot marie tooth disease

Back 40

hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy resulting in paresis of the muslces distal to the knee

Front 41

Radial nerve compression results in?

Back 41

wrist drop
Sat night palsy
tennis elbow

Front 42

ulnar nerve compression results in

Back 42

clawhand

Front 43

wallerian degeneration

Back 43

is a process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed, in which the part of the axon separated from the neuron's cell body degenerates.

Front 44

Why do PNS regenerate and CNS does not?

Back 44

Scwann cells with nerve growth factor instead of oligodendrites

Front 45

anhedonia

Back 45

lack of emotion

Front 46

Ach

Back 46

In CNS regulates ANS

In PNS facilitates actions at neuromuscluar junction

Front 47

Too much ACH=

Too little ACH=

Back 47

dyskinesia (involuntary muscle contractions)

paralysis

Front 48

GABA

Back 48

Inhibitory- without it neurons would fire uncontrollable producing seizures

Front 49

too much GABA=

Too little GABA=

Back 49

memory loss and inability for new learning

anxiety disorders insomnia and epilepsy

Front 50

Glutamate

Too much=

Back 50

Excitatory
Implicated with CVA TBI as major cause of cell damage after initail injury

seizures learning and memory

Front 51

Dopamine

Too little=

Too much=

Back 51

Affects motor system cognition and motivation

Parkinsons

Schizophrenia and addiction

Front 52

Seratonin 5-HT

Too little=

Back 52

associated with sleep emotional control equanamity pain regulation and carbohydrate binging

depression and suicidal ideation

Front 53

Norepenephrine

Too much=

Back 53

associated with attention to sensory information in environement

fear and panic

Front 54

Substance P

Back 54

peptide
mediates sensation of pain

Front 55

Endorphins

Back 55

pain modulators

Front 56

Adenosine

Back 56

facilitates sleep

Front 57

depression

Back 57

seratonin
NE

Front 58

schizophrenia

Back 58

dopamine

Front 59

wakefulness and conscious levels

Back 59

NE, Dopamine, ACH, Histamine, glutamate, seratonin

Front 60

cognitive processes

Back 60

Gaba and glutamate

Front 61

motor activity

Back 61

ACH
dopamine

Front 62

seizure disorders

Back 62

Gaba
glutamate