Meat And Bones

Front 1

Musculoskeletal System

Back 1

2 systems that work together to support the body and allow movement

Front 2

ossification

Back 2

the formation of bone from fibrous tissue

Front 3

Cortical bone

Back 3

hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone

Front 4

cancellouse bone

Back 4

lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones

Front 5

Epiphysis

Back 5

wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage

Front 6

proximal epiphysis

Back 6

located nearest the midline of the body

Front 7

distal epiphysis

Back 7

located farthest away from the midline of the body

Front 8

Diaphysis

Back 8

Shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone

Front 9

Physis

Back 9

Cartilage segment of long bone that involves growth of the bone

growth plate

epiphyseal cartilage

Front 10

metaphysis

Back 10

wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis

Front 11

periosteum

Back 11

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone

Front 12

endosteum

Back 12

tough, fibrous tissue the lining of the medullary cavity

Front 13

long bones

Back 13

Bones consisting of shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity

Front 14

short bones

Back 14

cube-shaped bones with no marrow cavity

Front 15

flat bones

Back 15

thin, flat bones

Front 16

pneumatic bones

Back 16

sinus-containing bones

Front 17

irregular bones

Back 17

unpaired bones

Front 18

sesamoid bones

Back 18

small bones embedded in a tendon

Front 19

osteoblasts

Back 19

immature bone cells that produce bony tissue

Front 20

osteoclasts

Back 20

phagocytic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity

Front 21

Oste/o

oss/e

oss/i

Back 21

bone

Front 22

hematopoietic

Back 22

produces blood cells

Front 23

medullary cavity

Back 23

the inner space of bone

Front 24

Cartilage

Back 24

another form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone

Front 25

Articular Cartilage

Back 25

specific type of cartilage that covers joint surfaces of bone

Front 26

Meniscus

Back 26

a curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, and cushions forces applied to the joint

Front 27

chondr/o

Back 27

cartilage

Front 28

Joints

Back 28

connections between bones

Front 29

Articulations

Back 29

joints

Front 30

arthr/o

Back 30

joints

Front 31

Synarthroses

Back 31

joints that allow no movement

Front 32

Amphiarthroses

Back 32

joints that allow slight movement

Front 33

Diarthroses

Back 33

joints that allow free movement

Front 34

suture

Back 34

a jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint

Front 35

frontanelle

Back 35

a soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth

Front 36

symphysis

Back 36

a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone

Front 37

cartilaginous joint

Back 37

another term for symphysis

Front 38

synovial joints

Back 38

ball and socket joints

or enarthrosis

Front 39

Ball-and-socket joints

Back 39

allow a wide range of motion in many directions

Front 40

Arthrodial joints

Condyloid joints

Back 40

oval projections that fit into a socket

Front 41

Trochoid joints

Back 41

pulley-shaped joints

*like the connection between the atlas to the axis

Front 42

Hinge joints

Back 42

allow motion in one place or direction

elbow joints

Front 43

Gliding joints

Back 43

move or glide over each other

*vertebrea

Front 44

Saddle joint

Back 44

located in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Front 45

ligament

Back 45

a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone

Front 46

Ligament/o

Back 46

ligament

Front 47

Tendon

Back 47

a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects to bone

Front 48

ten/o

tend/o

tendin/o

Back 48

tendon

Front 49

bursa

Back 49

a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease of movement in areas of friction

Front 50

burs/o

Back 50

bursa

Front 51

Synovial membrane

Back 51

the inner lining that secretes synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth

Front 52

Synovi/o

Back 52

synovial membrane/fluid

Front 53

Axial skeleton

Back 53

framework of the body that includes the skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Front 54

appendicular skeleton

Back 54

the framework of the body that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle

Front 55

Cranium

Back 55

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

Front 56

crani/o

Back 56

skull

Front 57

frontal

Back 57

bone that forms the roof of the cranial cavity

Front 58

parietal

Back 58

paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity

Front 59

Occipital

Back 59

forms the caudal aspect of the cranial cavity where the foramen magnum is located

Front 60

foramen magnum

Back 60

the opening for the spinal cord

Front 61

Temporal

Back 61

paired bones that form the sides and base of the cranium

Front 62

sphenoid

Back 62

paired bones that form part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the bony eye socket

Front 63

ethmoid

Back 63

forms the rostral part of the cranial cavity

Front 64

incisive

Back 64

forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of nares

Front 65

brachycephalic

Back 65

dogs have short, wide heads

Front 66

Dolichocephalic

Back 66

dogs have narrow, long heads

Front 67

Mesocephalic

Back 67

dogs have average width to their heads

Front 68

pterygoid

Back 68

forms the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Front 69

sinuses

Back 69

air or fluid-filled spaces

Front 70

Zygomatic bones

Back 70

projections from the temporal and frontal bones to form the cheekbone

Front 71

maxilla bones

Back 71

forms the upper jaw

Front 72

mandiblebones

Back 72

forms the lower jaw

Front 73

palatinebones

Back 73

forms part of the hard palate

Front 74

lacrimalbones

Back 74

forms the medial part of the orbit

Front 75

incisivebones

Back 75

forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of nares

Front 76

nasalbones

Back 76

forms the bridge of the nose

Front 77

vomer bones

Back 77

forms the base of the nasal septum

Front 78

nasal septum

Back 78

the cartilaginous structure that divides the two nasal cavities

Front 79

hyoid bone

Back 79

bone suspended between the mandible and the laryngopharynx

Front 80

Vertebral column, spinal column, backbone

Back 80

supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord

Front 81

Spondyl/o

vertebr/o

Back 81

vertebra

Front 82

body

Back 82

the solid portion ventral to the spinal cord

Front 83

arch

Back 83

the dorsal part of the vertebra that surrounds the spinal cord

Front 84

lamina

Back 84

is the left or right dorsal half of the arch

Front 85

Spinous process

Back 85

a single projection from the dorsal part of the vertebral arch

Front 86

Transverse process

Back 86

project laterally from the right and left sides of the vertebral arch

Front 87

Articular processes

Back 87

paired cranial and caudal projections located on the dorsum of vertebral arch

Front 88

Foramen

Back 88

opening

Front 89

intervertebral discs

Back 89

separates and cushions vertebrae from each other

Front 90

atlas

Back 90

C1

Front 91

axis

Back 91

C2

Front 92

Ribs

Back 92

paired bones that attach to thoracic vertebrae

Front 93

cost/o

Back 93

ribs

Front 94

sternum

Back 94

breastbone

forms the midline ventral portion of the rib cage

Front 95

manubrium

Back 95

the cranial portion of the sternum

Front 96

xiphoid process

Back 96

the caudal portion of the sternum

Front 97

thoracic cavity

rib cage

Back 97

protects the heart and lungs

Front 98

Scapula

Back 98

Shoulder blade

a large triangular bone on the side of the thorax

Front 99

Clavicle

Back 99

Collarbone

a slender bone that connects the sternum to the scapula

Front 100

vestigial clavicle

Back 100

rudimentary clavicle

Front 101

humerus

Back 101

the long bone of the proximal front limb

brachium

Front 102

radius

Back 102

cranial bone of the front limb

Front 103

ulna

Back 103

caudal bone of the front limb

Front 104

olecranon

Back 104

forms the point of the elbow

Front 105

carpal bone

Back 105

irregularly shaped bones in the wrist in people

Front 106

carpus

Back 106

wrist

Front 107

carpus

Back 107

knee in large animals

Front 108

metacarpals

Back 108

bones found distal to the carpus

Front 109

splint bones

Back 109

in horses metacarpals II and IV

Front 110

Interosseous

Back 110

ligament to the large III metacarpal bone- cannon bone

Front 111

Phalanges

Back 111

bones of the digit

Front 112

Digits

Back 112

bones analogous to the human finger and very in number in animals

Front 113

Dewclaw

Back 113

Digit I

Front 114

Ungulates

Back 114

animals with hooves

Front 115

fetlock joint

Back 115

the joint between Metacarpal III and the digit

Front 116

Pastern joint

Back 116

the joint between P1 and P2

Front 117

coffin joint

Back 117

the joint between P2 and P3

Front 118

long pastern bone

Back 118

P1

Front 119

short pastern bone

Back 119

P2

Front 120

Coffin bone

Back 120

P3

Front 121

Claw

Back 121

P3

Front 122

onych/o

Back 122

claw

Front 123

onychectomy

Back 123

declaw

Front 124

Sesamoid bones

Back 124

smaller nodular bones embedded in a tendon or joint capsule

Front 125

pelvis

Back 125

hip

consists of three pairs of bones:

ilium

ischium

pubis

Front 126

ilium

Back 126

the largest pair of bones in the pelvis that is blade-shaped

Front 127

Sacroiliac joint

Back 127

articulates the ilium to the sacrum

Front 128

ischium

Back 128

the caudal pair of bones

Front 129

pubis

Back 129

the ventral pair of bones that are fused on midline by a cartilaginous joint

Front 130

acetabulum

Back 130

the large socket of the pelvis bone that forms where the three bones meet

Front 131

femur

Back 131

thigh bone

the proximal long bone of the rear leg

Front 132

femoral head

Back 132

head of the femur

Front 133

trochanters

Back 133

large, flat, broad projections on a bone

Front 134

condyles

Back 134

rounded projection

Front 135

patella

Back 135

a large sesamoid bone in the rear limb

Front 136

stifle joint

Back 136

the joint that houses the patella

Front 137

popliteal

Back 137

sesamoid joint located on the caudal surface of the stifle

Front 138

tibia

Back 138

the larger and more weight-bearing bone of the two

Front 139

fibula

Back 139

long, slender bone

Front 140

crus

Back 140

the area of the rear limb between the stifle and hock

Front 141

tarsus

Back 141

the ankle is small animals

Front 142

hock

Back 142

the ankle in large animals

Front 143

talus

Back 143

on of the tarsal bones

Front 144

calcaneus

Back 144

the long, lateral tarsal bone located in the proximal row of tarsal bones

Front 145

aperture

Back 145

opening

Front 146

canal

Back 146

tunnel

Front 147

condyle

Back 147

rounded projection

Front 148

crest

Back 148

high projection or border projection

Front 149

crista

Back 149

ridge

Front 150

dens

Back 150

toothlike structure

Front 151

eminence

Back 151

surface projection

Front 152

facet

Back 152

smooth area

Front 153

foramen

Back 153

hole

Front 154

fossa

Back 154

trench or hollow depressed area

Front 155

fovea

Back 155

small pit

Front 156

head

Back 156

major protrusion

Front 157

lamina

Back 157

thin, flat plate

Front 158

line

Back 158

low projection or ridge

Front 159

malleolus

Back 159

rounded projection

Front 160

meatus

Back 160

passage or opening

Front 161

process

Back 161

projection

Front 162

protuberance

Back 162

projecting part

Front 163

ramus

Back 163

branch or smaller structure given off by a larger structure

Front 164

sinus

Back 164

space or cavity

Front 165

spine

Back 165

sharp projection

Front 166

sulcus

Back 166

groove

Front 167

suture

Back 167

seam

Front 168

trochanter

Back 168

broad, flat projection

Front 169

trochea

Back 169

pulley-shaped structure in which other structures pass on articulate

Front 170

tubercle

Back 170

small, rounded surface projection

Front 171

tuberosity

Back 171

projecting part

Front 172

ankylosis

Back 172

loss of joint mobility caused by disease, injury, or surgery

Front 173

arthralgia

Back 173

joint pain

Front 174

arthritis

Back 174

inflammatory condition of joint

Front 175

arthrodynia

Back 175

joint pain

Front 176

arthropathy

Back 176

joint disease

Front 177

bursitis

Back 177

inflammation of the bursa

Front 178

chondromalacia

Back 178

abnormal cartilage softening

Front 179

discospondylitis

Back 179

inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebrae

Front 180

exostosis

Back 180

benign growth on the bone surface

Front 181

gouty arthritis

Back 181

joint inflammation associated with the formation of uric acid crystals in the joint

Front 182

hip dysplasia

Back 182

abnormal development of the pelvic joint causing the head of the femur and the acetabulum not to be aligned properly

Front 183

intervertebral disc disease

Back 183

rupture or protrusion of the cushioning of the disc found between the vertebrae that results in pressure on the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots

Herniated disc

ruptured disc

IVDD

Front 184

Kyphosis

Back 184

dorsal curvature of the spine

hunchback

Front 185

Legg-Calve Perthes disease

Back 185

idiopathic necrosis of the femoral head and neck of small breed dogs

Front 186

lordosis

Back 186

position in which the vertebral column is abnormally curved ventrally

swayback

Front 187

luxation

Back 187

dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint

Front 188

myeloma

Back 188

tumor composed cells derived from hematopoietic tissues of bone marrow

Front 189

ostealgia

Back 189

bone pain

Front 190

osteitis

Back 190

inflammation of bone

Front 191

osteoarthritis

Back 191

degenerative joint disease commonly associated with aging or wear and tear on joints

Front 192

osteochondrosis

Back 192

degeneration or necrosis of bone and cartilage followed by regeneration or recalcification

Front 193

osteochondrosis dissecans

Back 193

degeneration or necrosis of bone and cartilage followed by regeneration or recalcification

Front 194

Osteomalacia

Back 194

abnormal softening of bone

Front 195

osteomyelitis

Back 195

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

Front 196

osteonecrosis

Back 196

death of bone tissue

Front 197

osteoporosis

Back 197

abnormal condition of marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity

Front 198

osteosclerosis

Back 198

abnormal hardening of bone

Front 199

periostitis

Back 199

inflammation of the fibrous that form the outermost covering of bone

Front 200

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 200

autoimmune disorder of connective tissue and joints

Front 201

sequestrum

Back 201

piece of dead bone that is partially or fully detachted from the adjacent health bone

Front 202

Spondylosis deformans

Back 202

chronic degeneration of the articular processes and the development of bony outgrowth around the ventral edge of the vertebrea

Front 203

subluxaton

Back 203

partial dislocation or displacement of bone from its joint

Front 204

synovitis

Back 204

inflammation of the synovial membrane of joints

Front 205

avulsion fracture

Back 205

broken bone in which the site of muscle, tendon, or ligament insertion is detached by a forceful pull

Front 206

callus

Back 206

bulging deposit around the area of a bone fracture that may eventually become bone

Front 207

closed fracture

Back 207

broken bone in which there is no open wound in the skin

simple fracture

Front 208

comminuted fracture

Back 208

broken bone that is splintered or crushed into multiple pieces

Front 209

compression fracture

Back 209

broken bone produced when the bones are pressed together

Front 210

crepitation

Back 210

cracking sensation that is felt and heard when broken bones move together

Front 211

fracture

Back 211

broken bone

Front 212

greenstick fracture

Back 212

bone that is broken only on one side and the other side is bent

incomplete fracture

Front 213

immobilizatoin

Back 213

act of holding, suturing, or fastening a bone in a fixed position usually with a bandage or cast

Front 214

manipulation

Back 214

attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or dislocation

reduction

Front 215

oblique fracture

Back 215

broken bone that has an angular break diagonal to the long axis

Front 216

open fracture

Back 216

broken bone in which there is an open wound in the skin

compound fracture

Front 217

physeal fracture

Back 217

bone that is broken at the epiphyseal line or growth plate

Salter-Harris I-V fractures

Front 218

Spiral fracture

Back 218

broken bone in which the bone is twisted apart or spiraled apart

Front 219

transverse fractures

Back 219

broken bone that is broken at right angles to its axis or straight across the bone