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169 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parts of the femur (5)
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bone head (or femoral head); greater and lesser trochanters, diaphysis, condyle
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parts of the humerus (5)
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bone head, tubercle, diaphysis, olecranon fossa, condyle
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bone parts (lengthwise 5 and layers 8)
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articular cartilage, epiphysis, epiphyseal line (or plate); metaphysis; diaphysis.....periosteum, cortical (compact) bone; haversian canals, medullary cavity, yellow bone marrow, cancellous bone (spongy or trabecular bone); trabeculae, red bone marrow
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4 types of hollows or openings in bones
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fossa, foramen fissure, sinus
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cranial bones, processes and joints (11)
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frontal bone, parietal bone, temporal bone, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), mastoid process, styloid process, sphenoid bone, sella turcica, ethmoid bone
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facial bones and parts (8)
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nasal bones, lacrimal bones, maxillary bones, madibular bone, alveoli, zygomatic bones, vomer, sinuses
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vertebral categories with numbers
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cervical - C1-C7; Thoracic T1-T12; Lumbar - L1-L5, sacrum; coccyx
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parts of a vertebra 5
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body, intervertebral disk, spinous process, transverse processes, neural canal
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bones of thorax 7
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clavicle, scapula, acromion, sternum, manubrium, xiphoid process, ribs
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types of ribs 3 and numbers
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true ribs 7, false ribs 3, floating ribs 2
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bones of the arm and hand 7
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humerus, ulna, olecranon, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
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bones of the pelvis 3
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ilium, ischium, pubis
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bones of the leg and foot
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femur, acetabulum, patella, tibia, medial malleolus, fibula, lateral malleolus, tarsals, calcaneus, talus, metatarsals, phalanges of the toes
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acetabulum
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hip socket
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calcaneus
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heel
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carpals
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wrist bones
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clavicle
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collar bone
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coccyx
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tail bone
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cranium
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skull
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femur
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thigh bone
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fibula
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smaller of the two lower leg bones
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humerus
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upper arm bone
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ilium
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upper part of the pelvic bone
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malleolus
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ankle
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mandible
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lower jawbone
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maxilla
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upper jawbone
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metacarpals
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hand bones
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metatarsals
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mid-foot bones
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olecranon
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elbow
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patella
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kneecap
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phalanges
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finger and toe bones
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pubis
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anterior part of pelvic bone
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radius
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forearm bone, thumb side
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scapula
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shoulder blade
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sternum
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breastbone
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tarsals
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hindfoot bones
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tibia
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shin bone - larger of two lower leg bones
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ulna
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forearm bone - pinky side
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vertebra
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spine, backbone
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acromion
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outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder
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articular cartilage
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thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space
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calcium phosphate
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major salt in bones
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cancellous bone
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spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
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cartilage
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flexible, rubbery connective tissue, found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces
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collagen
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dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other hard tissues
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compact bone
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hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion of bones
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condyle
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knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint
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diaphysis
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bone shaft
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intervertebral disk
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fibrocartilaginous substance between two vertebrae
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epiphyseal plate
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cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
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types of bones 3
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long, short, sesamoid
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epiphysis
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each end of a long bone, beyond the growth plate
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fissure
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narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones
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foramen
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opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
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foramen magnum
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opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
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fossa
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shallow cavity in a bone
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haversian canals
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minute spaces filled with blood vessels found in compact bone
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malleolus (and bones)
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round process on both sides of the ankle joint (lateral=fibula, medial=tibia)
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manubrium
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upper portion of the sternum
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mastoid process
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round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
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medullary cavity
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central, hollowed-out carvity in the shaft of a long bone
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metaphysis
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flared portion of a long bone, between diaphysis and growth plate
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olecranon
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large process on the proximal end of the ulna - point of the flexed elbow
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osseous tissue
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bone tissue
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ossification
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process of bone formation
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osteoblast
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bone cell that helps form bony tissue
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osteoclast
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gone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
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periosteum
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membrane surrounding bones - rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue
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pubic symphysis
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area of confluence of the two pubic bones in the pelvic
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red bone marrow
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found in cancellous bone - site of hematopoiesis
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sella turcica
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depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
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sinus
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hollow air cavity within a bone
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styloid process
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pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
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suture
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immovable joint between bones
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temporomandibular joint
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connection on either side of the head between the skull and jawbone
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trabeculae
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supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous bone
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trochanter
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large process at the neck of the femur, attachment site for tendons and hip musculature
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tubercle
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rounded small process on bone - attachment site for muscles and tendons
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tuberosity
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rounded process on bone - attachment site for muscles and tendons
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lamina
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arch enclosing neural canal on vertebra
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xiphoid process
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lower narrow portion of the sternum
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yellow bone marrow
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fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones
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calc/o, calci/o
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r. calcium
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kyph/o
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R. humpback
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lamin/o
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R. lamina
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lord/o
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R. swayback, curve
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lumb/o
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R. lower back
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myel/o
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R. bone marrow, spinal cord
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ortho/o
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R. straight
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oste/o
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R. bone
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scoli/o
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R. crooked, bent
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spondyl/o, vertebr/o
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R. vertebra (2)
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-blast
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S. embryonic or immature
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-clast
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S. to break
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-listhesis
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S. slipping
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-malacia
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S. softening
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-physis
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S. to grow
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-porosis
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S. pore, passage
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-tome
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S. instrument for cutting
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acetabul/o
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R. hip socket
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calcane/o
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R. heel bone
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carp/o
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R. wrist
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clavicul/o
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R. collar bone
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cost/o
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R. ribs
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crani/o
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R. skull
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femor/o
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R. thigh bone
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fibul/o
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R. smaller lower leg bone
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humer/o
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R. upper arm bone
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ili/o
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R. upper part of pelvic bone
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ischi/o
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R. posterior part of pelvic bone
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malleol/o
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R. side of ankle process
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mandibul/o
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R. lower jaw bone
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maxill/o
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R. upper jaw bone
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metacarp/o
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R. hand bones
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metatarso/o
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R. mid-foot bones
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olecran/o
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R. elbow
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patell/o
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R. kneecap
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pelvi/i
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R. hipbone
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perone/o
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R. fibula
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phlang/o
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R. fingers or toe bones
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malleol/o
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R. side of ankle process
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mandibul/o
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R. lower jaw bone
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maxill/o
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R. upper jaw bone
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metacarp/o
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R. hand bones
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metatarso/o
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R. mid-foot bones
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olecran/o
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R. elbow
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patell/o
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R. kneecap
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pelvi/i
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R. hipbone
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perone/o
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R. fibula
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phalang/o
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R. fingers or toe bones
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pub/o
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R. anterior part of the pelvic bone
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radi/o
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R. forearm bone - thumb side
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scapul/o
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R. shoulder blade
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stern/o
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R. breast bone
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tars/o
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R. bones of hind foot
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tibi/o
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R. shin bone
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uln/o
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R. pinky side lower arm bone
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kyphosis
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condition of humpback - increased posterior curvature of the spine
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lordosis
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increased anterior curvature of the spine
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laminectomy
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operation performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots - removal of lamina and spinous processes
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osteitis deformans, Paget disease
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disease in which bones become weak and painful, esp. in the spine skull pelvis and legs (2 names)
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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genetic disorder involving defective development of bones that are brittle and fragile
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spondylosis
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degeneration of the intervertebral disks in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions
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vertebroplasty
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percutaneous procedure which relieves pain caused by compression fractures - medical cement is used to fill in cracks
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osteoblast
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cell which synthesizes collagen and protein to form bone tissue
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osteoclast
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cell which breaks down bone to remove bone tissue
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spondylolisthesis
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forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra
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osteomalacia, rickets
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condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones - 2 names
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osteoporosis
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loss of bony tissue with decreased mass of bone
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osteotome
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surgical chisel designed to cut bone
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Ewing sarcoma
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rare malignant tumor arising in bone, most commonly occurring in children
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exostosis
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bony growth arising from the surface of bone (benign)
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osteochondroma
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exostosis on the metaphyses of long bones near the epiphyseal plates
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fractures -9 types
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closed, open (compound), simple, pathologic, colles, comminuted, compression, greenstick, impacted
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closed fracture
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broken bone doesn't break the skin
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compound fracture
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broken bone breaks through skin
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colles fracture
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fracture of radius near the wrist joint
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comminuted fracture
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bone is splintered or crushed into several pieces
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simple fracture
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bone breaks only in one place
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compression fracture
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bone collapses or is crushed
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greenstick fracture
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bone breaks on one side only - other side bends - happens in children
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impacted fracture
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bone break in which one fragment is driven firmly into the other
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reduction
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treatment for bone fracture
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closed reduction
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bone fracture is treated without surgery
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open reduction
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incision is made for access to repair bone fracture
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ORIF
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open reduction, internal fixation - involves insertion of pins, plates, screws, rods, etc. to fix bone fracture
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osteogenic sarcoma
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common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
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talipes
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congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (clubfoot)
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