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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some common disinfectants and antiseptics?
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HOCl
Quaternary ammonium compounds Formaldehyde Silver nitrate, colloidal silver, silver nanoparticles Iodine, betadine Phenolics Alcohol |
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What is another way something can be sterilised? Way 1.
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Radiation (Gamma radiation from Cobalt-60, UV radiation)
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What is another way something can be sterilised? Way 2.
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Heat treatment (autoclave, saturated steam)
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What are the two early antibacterials?
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Sulfanilamide
Prontosil |
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Who purified penicillin?
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Florey and Chain
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What is the therapeutic ratio?
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Ratio of toxic to effective concentration.
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What is 'Bactericidal'?
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Kills a bacteria
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What is 'Bacteriostatic'?
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Stops bacterial growth.
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What are 4 examples of a non bacterial infection?
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Fungi
Malari Trypanosomes Viruses |
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What are 3 examples of traditional microbial processes?
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Alcohol production
Fermented milk products Vinegar |
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What are common features of traditional microbial processes?
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Not aseptic (organism must dominate culture by producing inhibitory molecules)
Primary (growth associated) products: no problem with loss of function mutations. Either anaerobic submerged processes or aerobic surface fermentations. |
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What are primary products?
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Production associated with growth, such as biomass and fermentation processes.
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What are secondary products?
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Complex molecules mainly produced when growth slows and stops.
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What is produced in between primary and secondary products?
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Amino acids and citric acids.
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In reactors for anaerobic suspended-growth cultures, what does the Cylindroconical design allow? What does gas evolution allow?
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Eliminates dead spots.
Gas evolution allows sufficient mixing. |
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What are the pros and cons of aerobic surface fermentations?
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Pros: Low capital cost and good access to oxygen
Cons: Difficult to automate and and prone to contamination. |
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What are some examples of recombinant therapeutic proteins?
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Human insulin, erythropoietin (EPO), human growth hormone and hepatitis B vaccine.
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