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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Respiration |
Process of releasing energy |
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What is the word equation for respiration? |
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy |
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What is photosynthesis? |
The process of using sunlight to make glucose |
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What is glucose |
Sugar |
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What is the word equation for photosynthesis |
Carbon dioxide + water +(sunlight) —> glucose + oxygen |
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Animal and plant cells have |
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes |
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Plant cells also have |
Chloroplasts, vacuoles and cell walls |
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Nucleus |
Holds the DNA and controls what the cell does |
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Cell membrane |
Control what goes in and out of the cell |
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Mitochondria |
Where respiration happens |
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Chloroplast |
Where photosynthesis happens |
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Cytoplasm |
Where chemical reactions happen |
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Ribosomes |
Where proteins are made |
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Vacuole |
Cell sap (sugars and salts) is stored |
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Cell wall |
Strength and support to cell |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Does not require oxygen - breaks down glucose into lactic acid. Releases less energy than aerobic and lactic acid causes fatigue / cramps |
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Bacteria have no |
Nucleus and respiration happens in the cytoplasm |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Happens in plants, yeast and bacteria: glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide |
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Fermentation |
Is the name of yeast doing anaerobic respiration |
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Resolution |
Ability to distinguish two points close together as two separate points rather than one |
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Electron microscopes |
Use electrons and can see all the structures within the cell |
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Body cells in humans contain |
46 chromosomes or 23 pairs |
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Sex cells (gametes) have |
23 chromosomes |
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Mitosis |
Growth and repair, produces two genetically identical cells and same number of chromosomes |
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Meiosis |
Produces four genetically different cells, used to make sex cells, half the number of chromosomes |
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Interphase |
The part of cell cycle which the cell spends most of its time in - grows bigger and copies the DNA |
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Mitosis stages |
1) nucleus breaks down 2) chromosomes with their copies attached line up down the middle 3) chromosome copies separate to opposite ends of the cell 4) new nuclei are made 5) membrane pinches in and new cell is made |
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Tumour |
Growth of cells which are dividing uncontrollably |
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Benign tumour |
A tumour which doesn’t spread |
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Malignant tumour |
A tumour which does spread and is called cancer |
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Fertilisation |
The fusion of the nucleus of the sperm with the nucleus of the egg |
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Zygote |
Fertilised egg |
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Stem cells |
Two sources : embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells (bone marrow) can |
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What are stem cells |
Cells which can become any type of cell |
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Cell differentiation |
When a stem cell changes to become specialised |
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What is a specialised cell |
A cell which has a specific job and is structured to do the job efficiently |
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How does cell differentiation happen |
genes which are not needed are switched off |
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Plant stem cells |
Meristems - found on tip of roots shoots and on edges of stem (girth - width) |