B4 Using Food And Controlling Growth

Front 1

Respiration

Back 1

Process of releasing energy

Front 2

What is the word equation for respiration?

Back 2

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Front 3

What is photosynthesis?

Back 3

The process of using sunlight to make glucose

Front 4

What is glucose

Back 4

Sugar

Front 5

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

Back 5

Carbon dioxide + water +(sunlight) —> glucose + oxygen

Front 6

Animal and plant cells have

Back 6

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria and ribosomes

Front 7

Plant cells also have

Back 7

Chloroplasts, vacuoles and cell walls

Front 8

Nucleus

Back 8

Holds the DNA and controls what the cell does

Front 9

Cell membrane

Back 9

Control what goes in and out of the cell

Front 10

Mitochondria

Back 10

Where respiration happens

Front 11

Chloroplast

Back 11

Where photosynthesis happens

Front 12

Cytoplasm

Back 12

Where chemical reactions happen

Front 13

Ribosomes

Back 13

Where proteins are made

Front 14

Vacuole

Back 14

Cell sap (sugars and salts) is stored

Front 15

Cell wall

Back 15

Strength and support to cell

Front 16

Anaerobic respiration

Back 16

Does not require oxygen - breaks down glucose into lactic acid. Releases less energy than aerobic and lactic acid causes fatigue / cramps

Front 17

Bacteria have no

Back 17

Nucleus and respiration happens in the cytoplasm

Front 18

Anaerobic respiration

Back 18

Happens in plants, yeast and bacteria: glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Front 19

Fermentation

Back 19

Is the name of yeast doing anaerobic respiration

Front 20

Resolution

Back 20

Ability to distinguish two points close together as two separate points rather than one

Front 21

Electron microscopes

Back 21

Use electrons and can see all the structures within the cell

Front 22

Body cells in humans contain

Back 22

46 chromosomes or 23 pairs

Front 23

Sex cells (gametes) have

Back 23

23 chromosomes

Front 24

Mitosis

Back 24

Growth and repair, produces two genetically identical cells and same number of chromosomes

Front 25

Meiosis

Back 25

Produces four genetically different cells, used to make sex cells, half the number of chromosomes

Front 26

Interphase

Back 26

The part of cell cycle which the cell spends most of its time in - grows bigger and copies the DNA

Front 27

Mitosis stages

Back 27

1) nucleus breaks down

2) chromosomes with their copies attached line up down the middle

3) chromosome copies separate to opposite ends of the cell

4) new nuclei are made

5) membrane pinches in and new cell is made

Front 28

Tumour

Back 28

Growth of cells which are dividing uncontrollably

Front 29

Benign tumour

Back 29

A tumour which doesn’t spread

Front 30

Malignant tumour

Back 30

A tumour which does spread and is called cancer

Front 31

Fertilisation

Back 31

The fusion of the nucleus of the sperm with the nucleus of the egg

Front 32

Zygote

Back 32

Fertilised egg

Front 33

Stem cells

Back 33

Two sources : embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells (bone marrow) can

Front 34

What are stem cells

Back 34

Cells which can become any type of cell

Front 35

Cell differentiation

Back 35

When a stem cell changes to become specialised

Front 36

What is a specialised cell

Back 36

A cell which has a specific job and is structured to do the job efficiently