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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The original question for individuality/personality was: Is it due to "nature" or "nurture?" What is the current question?
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How do nature and nurture interact?
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Give a rough estimate of heritability.
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Twice the difference between the concordance for identical twins and the concordance for fraternal twins
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Give a rough estimate of shared environment
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Twice the dizygotic concordance - monozygotic environment
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Give a rough estimate of unshared environment
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1 - monozygotic environment
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For what factor are monozygotic twins reared apart more similar than monozygotic twins reared together?
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Nonreligious social attitudes
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What is the difference between prairie voles and meadow voles?
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Prairie voles are family voles; meadow voles are loner voles; prairie voles have higher levels of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in specific parts of their brains than do meadow voles ~ genetic differences in neuropeptide system contribute to differences in behavior
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How can the social behavior of prairie voles and meadow voles be changed?
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Injecting vasopressin and oxytocin antagonists blocks pair bond formation in prairie voles; increasing vasopressin receptor levels in male meadow voles enhances their pari bond formation
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Describe the hormone changes that occur in children who experience early neglect during prolonged stay in orphanages before adoption?
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Lower vasopressin and oxytocin levels
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What happened when oxytocin is administered as a nasal spray?
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Increases people's level of trust in each other and their ability to judge what other people are feeling
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What is the cause of autism?
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The cause is completely unknown, but one form has been associated with a difference in vasopressin receptors
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What did Vogel and Bogen do?
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Neurosurgeons at White memorial medical center in LA who performed commisurotomies (cut corpus collossum) as a last resort to help control severed intractable epilepsy
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Who studied commisuotomy patients?
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Roger Sperry
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Describe the cognitive abilities of commisurotomy patients.
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Every day behavior and IQ/verbal scored unchangged; however, each hemisphere appears to have a mind of its own that is oblivious to conscious events in the partner hemisphere; for example, unable to recongize by sight something they have just looked at in one visual field if then presented across the vertical meridian in the other half field of view
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What can't be identified verbally (left hemisphere) in commisurotomy patients?
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Objects held in the left hand, smelled in the right nostril, or see in the left visual field (all right hemisphere activities)
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What did Sperry bemoan?
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The fact that education of the right hemisphere (which is in control of copying designs, reading facing, fitting forms to molds, judging whole circle size from small arc, categorizing shapes, etc.) is lacking in our school systems; non-verbal, non-mathematical for example is not on the SATs
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Where is our awareness of our left space localized?
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In the right hemisphere (typically parietal cortex: if right brian damaged then awareness of left half of the world is lacking; verbal left hemisphere is unaware of the existence of left space; the left hemisphere sometimes resorts to verbal confabulation to patch over the inconsistencies of a world with no left space
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