Mcb 80 - Lecture 4 Quiz Questions

Front 1

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Back 1

Performs the automatic, unconscious, and involuntary “thankless” maintenance tasks, such as peristalsis, heart rate, and blood pressure

Front 2

What is the function of the enteric nervous system?

Back 2

Innervates the gut.

Front 3

What is the function of the medulla?

Back 3

Together with the pons, involved in respiration, circulation, posture, and other “maintenance” functions

Front 4

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Back 4

Muscle and reflex coordination

Front 5

What is the function of the midbrain?

Back 5

Auditory and visual centers, especially “unconscious” vision; occulomotor reflexes, motor sensitivity, startle response

Front 6

What is the function of the thalamus?

Back 6

Sensory and motor relays and gateways to the cortex

Front 7

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Back 7

Unconscious drives (satiety, hunger, thirst, sex, temperature control, maternal behavior)

Front 8

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?

Back 8

The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain; implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.

Front 9

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Back 9

Visual processing center of the mammalian brain, containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex

Front 10

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Back 10

Integrates sensory information from different modalities, particularly determining spatial sense and navigation; enables regions of the parietal cortex to map objects perceived visually into body coordinate positions.

Front 11

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Back 11

Involved in auditory processing and is home to the primary auditory cortex; contains the hippocampus and is therefore involved in memory formation as well.

Front 12

What is the function of Broca’s area?

Back 12

Involved in language processing, speech or sign production

Front 13

What is the function of lumbar spinal cord?

Back 13

The lumbar spine has five vertebral bodies that extend from the lower thoracic spine (upper back) to the sacrum (bottom of the spine). The vertebral bodies of the lower back are the largest of the spine because they bear the majority of the body’s weight.

Front 14

What is the function of the cervical spinal cord?

Back 14

Seven vertebral bodies (segments); contain openings in each vertebral body for arteries to carry blood to the brain

Front 15

What types of axon run in the dorsal and ventral roots?

Back 15

Dorsal roots contain afferent sensory axons, and the ventral roots contain efferent motor axons

Front 16

What are two ways in which the sympathetic and the parasympathetic systems are similar?

Back 16

Both autonomic; have pre- and post-ganglionic neurons

Front 17

What is the “fight or flight” response and what part of the nervous system orchestrates it?

Back 17

Excites ~ catabolic; increases blood pressure, decreases blood flow to the skin, digestive activities decrease, activity of digestion decrease, pupils dilate; orchestrated by the sympathetic nervous system

Front 18

What is the “rest and digest” response and what part of the nervous system orchestrates it?

Back 18

Depresses ~ anabolic (reduce energy expenditure to build up reserves; orchestrated by the parasympathetic nervous system

Front 19

List and briefly define three major steps in the evolution of the central nervous system.

Back 19

The rostral portion of the neural tube expands disproportionately (cephalization); it is then divided into subdivisions that give rise to specific parts of the brain (segmentation); the spinal cord also becomes segmented; (part of ectoderm in embryo set aside to become nervous system ~ folds to form a neural tube giving rise to CNS; cells along tube form PNS)

Front 20

Define OR sketch: neural plate, neural fold, neural crest, and neural tube.

Back 20

Neural plate: first step of neurulation. It is created by a flat thickening opposite to the primitive streak ~ develops into neural fold (two longitudinal ridges) ~ neural tube (folds meet and coalesce in the middle); a transient component of the ectoderm, is located in between the neural tube and the epidermis (gives rise to some skeletal components and neurons/glia)

Front 21

Name three primary cortical sensory areas, and note their locations on a simple sketch of cortex.

Back 21

Visual, auditory, and somatosensory

Front 22

Contrast the ways in which Karl Lashley and Wilder Penfield showed localization of function in the cerebral cortex? Why did they come to different conclusions?

Back 22

Lashley: trained rats to perform tasks (such as finding a food reward in a maze), then surgically removed or damaged particular portions of their cerebral cortex then tested their memory ~ led to Law of Equipotentiality; Penfield: local stimulation during surgery for intractable epilepsy led to distinct sensations, movements, and even memories ~ the part of the cortext being stimulated corresponded to the area of the body that the person thought they were being touched