Mbbs Yr 2 Cvs Anatomy L1-2

Front 1

anatomical relationship of heart with other organs (superior, anterior, posterior)

Back 1

superior to the diaphragm, anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum, left of the midline, within mediastinum

Front 2

What does the heart apex and base point to? (2)

Back 2

apex inferiorly points to the left hip, Base posteriorly to the right shoulder

Front 3

Name two Pericardial Sinuses and their position.

Back 3

Transverse (anterior to the superior vena cava and posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk) the oblique (bounded on right by the inferior vena cava and pulmonary veins on on the left by the pulmonary trunk) http://anatomytopics.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/transverse-oblique-sinus.jpg

Front 4

anatomical position of the apex (surface anatomy)

Back 4

5th intercostal space midclavicular line

Front 5

Name the sulcus on the heart surface (3)

Back 5

Coronary sulcus: bet. atria and ventricles, Interventricular sulcus: anterior and posterior divides right ventricle from the left, contain coronary arteries.

Front 6

describe the right atrium. 2 parts in the atrium.

Back 6

divided by crista terminalis, Anterior: pectinate muscles, posterior: derived from sinus venosus and receives deoxygenated blood; fossa ovalis (remnant of foramen ovale)

Front 7

difference between Left and right atrium (3)

Back 7

no distinct crista terminalis, no fossa ovalis different blood received

Front 8

Name the common structures found in Ventricles.

Back 8

Trabeculae Carneae, Papillary Muscle , Chordae tendineae

Front 9

name the special features in right ventricles. (3)

Back 9

supraventricular crest (infundibulum and trabeculae carneae), septomarginal trabecula, three papillary mus.

Front 10

Explain the term Trabeculae Carneae

Back 10

Trabeculae Carneae is the interconnecting muscular ridges producing the rough surface.

Front 11

Explain the term Papillary Muscle

Back 11

cone-shaped muscle extend from ventricular wall to which chordae tendineae are anchored.

Front 12

importance of septomarginal trabecula (moderator band)

Back 12

it extends from the papillary mus to the ventricular septum. it prevents overdistension of the ventricle, carry the right AV bundle,

Front 13

Special features in Left ventricle. (2)

Back 13

separate into upper smooth aortic vestibule & lower rough ventricle proper, 2 papillary muscles

Front 14

distinguish incompetence and stenosis (2)

Back 14

incompetence (inability to close fully), stenosis (inability to open fully)

Front 15

skeleton of the heart (structures, location and functions) (1+4+2)

Back 15

nature: fibro-cartilaginous, locations: AV valves, semilunar valves, septum + right & left fibrous trigone between atria and ventricles, functions: support and attachment, electrical insulation.

Front 16

the branches of right coronary a. (3)

Back 16

marginal a., post. interventricular a., sinoatrial nodal a

Front 17

the branches of L. coronary a. (3)

Back 17

ant IV a. + circumflex a. + L marginal a.

Front 18

name the cardiac veins and their positions

Back 18

greater cardiac vein (ant. IV septum), posterior cardiac vein (L. marginal a.), middle cardiac vein (pos IV septum), coronary sinus (back to R atrium), small cardiac v. (R. marginal a.) without draining into coronary sinus: (2) Anterior cardiac vein Smallest cardiac vein

Front 19

two cardiac veins that do not drain into coronary sinus

Back 19

smallest cardiac vein and anterior cardiac vein

Front 20

areas of auscultation (5)

Back 20

Aortic valve: 2 nd ICS, RIGHT sternum
Pulmonary valve: 2 nd ICS, LEFT sternum
Tricuspid valve: 5 th ICS, right sternum
Mitral valve: 5 th ICS, MCL

Front 21

name the three branches of aortic arch (3+2)

Back 21

brachiocephalic trunk (R. common carotid a., R. subclavian a.), L. common carotid a & L. subclavian a.

Front 22

structures in the anterior mediastinum (5) (anterior to posterior)

Back 22

thymus, veins (brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava), arch of aorta, recurrent laryngeal n., vagus nerve, phrenic n., trachea, oesophagus, thoracic duct, vertebral column

Front 23

where do the vagus nerve hook to give rise to recurrent laryngeal nerves (2)

Back 23

R: R subclavian artery, L: ligamentum arteriosum

Front 24

innervation of the heart: (2)

Back 24

sympathetic trunk via cardiac plexus, para: vagus nerve

Front 25

origin and functions of phrenic nerve (1+2)

Back 25

give rise from C4, motor supply to diaphragm, sensory (pain) fibers to pericardium

Front 26

structures in the pos Mediastinum

Back 26

• Thoracic descending aorta
• Azygos vein
• Sympathetic trunks & Splanchnic nerves
• Esophagus
• Thoracic duct

Front 27

branches of thoracic aorta (7)

Back 27

Bronchial, mediastinal, esophageal, pericardial, sup. phrenic, pos. intercostal, subcostal branches

Front 28

Azygos vein origin and drainage (2+3)

Back 28

origin: R. ascending lumbar and R. subcostal vein
drainage: R. post. intercostal veins (except 1 st), hemiazygos vein, accessory hemiazygous vein

Front 29

Hemiazygos vein origin and drainage (2+1)

Back 29

origin: L ascending lumbar and L. subcostal veins
drain: 9 th - 12 th L. posterior intercostal veins
meet azygos vein at T8

Front 30

accessory hemiazygos vein drainage and anatomical postion (1+2)

Back 30

drain 4th - 8th post. intercostal veins, from T4/5 intercostal space to T7 (join azygos)

Front 31

where does the Thoracic Duct empty into?

Back 31

junction of L. internal jugular vein & L. subclavian vein

Front 32

origin of the splanchnic nerves (1)

Back 32

sympathetic nerves from 5 th to 12th ganglia