Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Variable |
A characteristic of an individual that can bemeasured or observed. |
|
|
Response Variable |
Measures the outcome of a study – Dependentvariable. |
|
|
Explanatory Variable |
Used in attempt to explain the observed outcome. - Independent Variable. |
|
|
P-Value |
The probability ofgetting a result by chance that is as extreme or more extreme than the actualresult. |
|
|
Parameter |
A parameter is a number thatdescribes some aspect of a population. – (ex. Proportion of all republican voters who will vote for DonaldTrump.) -Denoted with Greek letters -Pi = proportion -population mean |
|
|
Statistic |
A statistic is a number thatdescribes some aspect of a sample. (EX. a count, sample proportion, sample mean) -Sample mean |
|
|
Null Hypothesis |
The null hypothesis is thestatement being tested. One looks forevidence against the null hypothesis. |
|
|
Randomization Distribution |
The distribution of some measure repeatedly applied torandom data. |
|
|
median |
A number with half the datavalues above it and half below. |
|
|
Q1 |
The first quartile – a number with one fourth ofthe data values below it. |
|
|
Five-Number Summary |
The minimum, first quartile,median, third quartile, and maximum of a set of data. |
|
|
Interquartile Range |
The distance between the firstand third quartiles – that is, Q3 minus Q1. |
|
|
40th Percentile |
A number with 40% of the datavalues below it. |
|
|
Alternative Hypothesis |
The alternative hypothesis is thestatement that one suspects is true instead of the null hypothesis. |
|
|
Margin of Error |
The margin of error is half thewidth of the confidence interval. |
|
|
Population |
Entire group of individuals about which we want information. |
|
|
Sample |
Subset of the population which we actually study. |
|
|
Inference |
Drawing a conclusion about a larger group (population) based on data about a smaller group (sample). |
|
|
Categorical Variable |
a variable that can take on one of a limited, and usually fixed, number of possible values, thus assigning each individual to a particular group or "category." |
|
|
Confidence Interval |
A 95% confidence interval is constructed in a way so that a claim that the parameter falls in the interval will be correct 95% of the time. |
|
|
Significance Level |
The null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is less than the significance or α level. The α level is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis given that it is true (type I error) and is most often set at 0.05 (5%). |
