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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Between ovulationa and beginning of next menstrual cycle how many days
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14
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Indications of ovulation are:
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-a slight drop in tem 1 day prior to ovulation
-a .5 to 1 degree F rise in temp occurs at ovulation -Cervical mucus is abundent watery, clear and more alkaline --cervical os dilates slightly, softens, rises in vagina --spinnbarkeit (egg white stretchiness of cervical mucus is present --ferning seen under microscope |
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WHere doe fertalization take place
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ampulla (outer third) section of the fallopian tube
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What is zygote
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fertalized ovume and takes 3-4 days to enter the uterus
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how many days does it take to complete the process of nidation (implantation)
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7-10
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Fetal Development--Zygote How many days frome th etime the ovum is fetilized until it is implanted in the uterus
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12-14 days
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WHen is it embryo
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3-8 weeks after fertilization----embryo is most vulnerable to teratogens (viruses, drugs, radiation, or infections) which can cause major congenital anomalies
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WHen is it considered fetus
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9 weeks after fertilization to term 38+ weeks
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Fetal development at 8 weeks (2 months)
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Fetal
heart begins to pump blood limb buds are well developed facial features dicernible major divisions of brain are discernible ears develop from skin folds tiny muscles are formed beneath skin weight = 2 g |
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Maternal changes at 8 weeks (2 months)
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nausea persists up to 12 weeks
uterus changes from pear to globular shape hegar sign (softening of the isthmus of cervix) goodell sign (softening of cervix) cervix flexes leukorrhea increases ambivalence about pregnancy no noticeable weight gain chadwick sign (bluing of vagina) as early as 4 weeks |
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why should you avoid hot tubs, saunas, and steam rooms the first trimester
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increases r/f neural tube defects
hypotension may cause fainting |
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fetal development 12 weeks / 3 months
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embryo becomes fetus
heart is discernible by ultrsound lower body develops sex is determinable kidneys produce urine fetus weights 19-28 g (< 1oz) |
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how much should calories be increased per day
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300
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fetal development at 20 weeks (5 months)
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vernix protects the body
lanugo (fine hair) covers and protects the body eyebrows, eyelashes, head hair develp fetus sleeps, sucks and kicks fetus weights 200-400 g (11-14 oz) |
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Maternal changes at 20 weeks---5 months
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fundus reaches level of umbilicus
breast begin secreting colostrum areolae darken amniotic sac hold approx. 400 ml fluid postural hypotension may occur fetal movement felt (quickening) pregnancy become real for mother nasal stuffines leg cramps varicose veins may develop constipation may develop |
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fetal development 28 weeks / 7 months
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fetus can breathe, swallow, regulate temp
surfactant forms in lungs fetus can hear fetus eyelids open fetus weights 1100 g (2 1/2 lb) |
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Maternal changes 28 weeks / 7 months
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fundus is halfway between umbilicus and xiphoid process
thoracic brething replaces abdominal breathing fetal outline is palpable women become more introspective and concentrates interest on unborn baby heartburn may begin hemorrhoids may develop |
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fetal development 32 weeks / 8 months
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brown fat deposits develop beneath skin to insulate baby following birth
fetus is 15-17 inches long fetus begins storing iron, calcium and phosphorus fetus weighs 1800-2200 g (4-5 lb) |
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maternal changes 32 weeks
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fundus reaches xiphoid process
breasts full and tender urinary frequency returns sowllen ankles may occur sleeping problems may develop dyspnea may develop |
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fetal development 38 weeks
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fetus occupies entire uterus; activity is restricted
maternal antibodies are transferred to fetus (provide immunity for approximately 6 months, until infants own immune system can take over) L/S (lecithin/sphingomyelin) ration 2:1 fetus weights 3200+ g (7+lb) |
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maternal changes at 38 weeks
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lightening occurs
placenta weighs approx 20oz mother eager for birth, may have burst of energy backaches increase urinary frequency increases braxton hicks contractions intensify (cervix and lower uterine segment prepare for labor) |
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what is gravida
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number of times a woman has been pregnant regardless of the outcome
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what is para
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number of deliveries (not children) that occured after 20 weeks of gestation
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how are multiple births calculated when calculating parity
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as only one
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pregnancy losses occuring before 20 weeks are counted how
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as abortions whether they are spontaneous or voluntary terminations and add only to gravidity count
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If fetus is born dead after 20 weeks how is it counted
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added to parity count
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How do you calculate Nageles rule
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minus 3 months and add 7 days from first day of last menstrual cycle
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how much should bp raise from baseline normal
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no more than 30 pts systolic and 15 points diastolic
avg BP is 90-140 systolic 60-90 diastolic |
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what is avg pulse
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60-90 bpm
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what is avg respirations
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16-24 breaths per min
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How often are doctors visits during pregnancy
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for normal pregnancy w/ no problems
every month until 28 weeks every 2 weeks from 28 weeks to 36 weeks 36 weeks until delivery once a week |
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how much weight is recommended to gain the first trimester
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3.5-5 lb
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how much total weight gain should there be during pregnancy
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25-35 lb
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what are the alteration affecting fluid gas transport in cardiovascular system during pregnancy
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cardiac volume increases 20%-30%
labor--cardiac output increases 20%-30% hemoglobin remain between 10-14 g hematocrity value remains between 35%-42%---normal drop in 10% during second trimester hypercoagulability-increased levels of blood factors VII, VIII IX, X nonpathologic increased sedimentation rate-due to 50% increae in fibrinogen level blood pressure stable..but drops in second trimester HR often increases 10-15 bpm at term compression of pelvic veins--stasis of blood in lower extremeties compression in inferior vena cava when supine--bradycardia--reduced cardiac output--faintness-sweating--nausea (supine hypotension) fetal response is marked bradycardia due to hypoxia secondary to decreased placental perfusion |
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assessment for cardiovascular system
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apical systolic murmur
exaggerated splitting of first heart sound physiological anemia dependent edema in 3rd trimester vena cava syndreom (supine hypotension)--drop in systolic bp may occur due to compression of descending aorta and inferior vena cava when supine varicosities (vulvar, anal, leg) |
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Between ovulationa and beginning of next menstrual cycle how many days
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14
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Indications of ovulation are:
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-a slight drop in tem 1 day prior to ovulation
-a .5 to 1 degree F rise in temp occurs at ovulation -Cervical mucus is abundent watery, clear and more alkaline --cervical os dilates slightly, softens, rises in vagina --spinnbarkeit (egg white stretchiness of cervical mucus is present --ferning seen under microscope |
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WHere doe fertalization take place
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ampulla (outer third) section of the fallopian tube
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What is zygote
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fertalized ovume and takes 3-4 days to enter the uterus
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how many days does it take to complete the process of nidation (implantation)
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7-10
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