Maternal And Child Care

Front 1

A number of persons joined together by bonds of marriage, blood or adoption (Burgess, 1963)

Back 1

Family

Front 2

A group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption living together (US Census Bureau, 2005)

Back 2

Family

Front 3

5 alternative family forms

Back 3

1. Gay or lesbian family

2. Foster family

3. Single parent family

4. Cohabitation family

5. Communal family

Front 4

Homosexual union for companionship, financial security and sexual fulfillment

Back 4

Gay or lesbian family

Front 5

Children whose parents can no longer care for them placed in a foster or substitute home by a child protection agency

Back 5

Foster family

Front 6

Either father or mother with child/children

Back 6

Single parent family

Front 7

Composed of heterosexual couples who live together like a nuclear family but remain unmarried

Back 7

Cohabitation family

Front 8

A temporary family form

Back 8

Cohabitation family

Front 9

Comprises groups of people who have chosen to live together as an extended family

Back 9

Communal family

Front 10

Their relationship to each other is motivated by social or religious values rather than kinship (Benokraitus, 2005)

Back 10

Communal family

Front 11

6 family functions

Back 11

1. Physical

2. Health care functions

3. Reproductive

4. Affective

5. Socialization

6. Economic

Front 12

Carried out by providing a safe, comfortable environment necessary for growth, development, rest, recuperation

Back 12

Physical

Front 13

Provision of physical necessities including food, clothing, shelter and healthcare

Back 13

Health care functions

Front 14

Continuity over generations

Back 14

Reproductive

Front 15

Survival of community

Back 15

Reproductive

Front 16

Focus: meeting family members' needs for affection and understanding

Back 16

Affective

Front 17

Learning experiences provided within the family to teach children their culture and how to function and assume adult-social role

Back 17

Socialization

Front 18

Provision and allocation of sufficient resources

Back 18

Economic

Front 19

12 external structures of the female reproductive system

Back 19

1. Mons pubis

2. Labia majora

3. Labia minora

4. Clitoris

5. Fourchette

6. Perineum

7. Vestibule

8. Skenes gland or Paraurethral gland

9. Hymen

10. Vaginal orifice

11. Bartholin's gland

12. Urinary meatus

Front 20

Pre-adolescence. No pubic hair. Fine body hair

Back 20

Stage 1

Front 21

Occurs between ages 11 and 12 - sparse, long, slightly pigmented and curly hair at symphysis pubis

Back 21

Stage 2

Front 22

Occurs between ages 12 and 13

Back 22

Stage 3

Front 23

Occurs between ages 13 and 14, hair assumes the normal appearance of an adult but is not so thick and does not appear to the inner aspect of the upper thigh

Back 23

Stage 4

Front 24

Sexual maturity; seen among normal adult; appearance of hair at the inner aspect of the upper thigh

Back 24

Stage 5

Front 25

Large lips longitudinal fold, extends from the symphysis pubis to the perineum

Back 25

Labia majora

Front 26

Anterior, pea shaped erectile tissue with lots of sensitive nerve endings

Back 26

Clitoris

Front 27

Site of sexual arousal in female

Back 27

Clitoris

Front 28

Posterior, tapers posteriorly of the labia minora

Back 28

Fourchette

Front 29

Sensitive to manipulation

Back 29

Fourchette

Front 30

Torn during delivery and site of episiotomy

Back 30

Fourchette

Front 31

Muscular structure, located between lower vagina and anus

Back 31

Perineum

Front 32

An almond shaped area that contains the hymen, vaginal orifice and bartholin's gland

Back 32

Vestibule

Front 33

Secretes mucous for lubrication

Back 33

Skenes gland or paraurethral gland

Front 34

Covers vaginal orifice, membranous tissue

Back 34

Hymen

Front 35

External opening of vagina

Back 35

Vaginal orifice

Front 36

Other name for Bartholin's gland

Back 36

Paravaginal gland or vuvlo vaginal gland

Front 37

Two small mucous secreting alkaline substance

Back 37

Bartholin's gland

Front 38

Small opening of urethra, serves for urination

Back 38

Urinary meatus

Front 39

A short, sagittal cleft with slightly raised margins

Back 39

Urinary meatus

Front 40

4 internal structures of the female reproductive system

Back 40

1. Vagina

2. Uterus

3. Ovaries

4. Fallopian tubes

Front 41

Female organ of copulation

Back 41

Vagina

Front 42

Passageway of menstruation and fetus

Back 42

Vagina

Front 43

Length of vagina

Back 43

3-4 inches (8-10 cm)

Front 44

Part of the vagina that permits stretching without tearing

Back 44

Rugae

Front 45

Organ of menstruation

Back 45

Uterus

Front 46

Is a hollow, thick walled muscular organ

Back 46

Uterus

Front 47

Size of uterus

Back 47

1 x 2 x 3

Front 48

Shape of non-pregnant uterus

Back 48

Pear shaped

Front 49

Shape of pregnant uterus

Back 49

Ovoid shaped

Front 50

Weight of non-pregnant uterus

Back 50

50 - 60g

Front 51

Weight of pregnant uterus

Back 51

1,000g

Front 52

3 muscular compositions of uterus

Back 52

1. Endometrium

2. Myometrium

3. Perimetrium

Front 53

Inside uterus

Back 53

Endometrium

Front 54

Lines the non-pregnant uterus

Back 54

Endometrium

Front 55

Muscle layer for menstruation

Back 55

Endometrium

Front 56

Sloughs during menstruation

Back 56

Endometrium

Front 57

Largest part of the uterus

Back 57

Myometrium

Front 58

Muscle layer for delivery process

Back 58

Myometrium

Front 59

Its smooth muscles are considered to be the living ligature of the body

Back 59

Myometrium

Front 60

Power of labor, especially during contraction of the uterus

Back 60

Myometrium

Front 61

Protects the entire uterus

Back 61

Perimetrium

Front 62

3 muscle fibers in the myometrium

Back 62

1. Longitudinal

2. Transverse

3. Oblique

Front 63

Muscle fiber of the myometrium that prevents bleeding

Back 63

Transverse

Front 64

Muscle fiber of the myometrium where implantation occurs and placenta attaches

Back 64

Longitudinal

Front 65

2 functions of ovaries

Back 65

1. Ovulation

2. Production of hormones

Front 66

Length of fallopian tubes

Back 66

2-3 inches

Front 67

Serves as a passageway of the sperm from the uterus to the ampulla

Back 67

Fallopian tubes

Front 68

Passageway of the mature ovum or fertilized ovum from the ampulla to the uterus

Back 68

Fallopian tubes

Front 69

4 significant segments of the fallopian tube

Back 69

1. Infundibulum

2. Ampulla

3. Isthmus

4. Interstitial

Front 70

Distal part of fallopian tube, trumpet or funnel shaped, swollen at ovulation

Back 70

Infundibulum

Front 71

Outer 3rd or 2nd half; site of fertilization

Back 71

Ampulla

Front 72

Site of sterilization or tubal ligation

Back 72

Isthmus

Front 73

Site of ectopic pregnancy

Back 73

Interstitial

Front 74

2 external structures of male reproductive system

Back 74

1. Penis

2. Scrotum

Front 75

The male organ of copulation and urination

Back 75

Penis

Front 76

It contains a body of a shaft consisting of 3 cylindrical layers and erectile tissues

Back 76

Penis

Front 77

Counterpart of clitoris in male

Back 77

Glans penis

Front 78

A pouch hanging below the pendulous penis, with a medial septum dividing into two sacs, each of which contains a testes

Back 78

Scrotum

Front 79

Prepubescent (testicular volume less than 1.5 mL; small penis of 3 cm or less)

Typically 9 and younger

Back 79

Tanner I

Front 80

Testicular volume between 1.6 and 6ml

Skin on scrotum thins, reddens and enlarges

Penis length unchanged

9-11 years old

Back 80

Tanner II

Front 81

Testicular volume between 6 and 12ml

Scrotum enlarges further

Penis begins to lengthen about 6cm

11-12.5 years old

Back 81

Tanner III

Front 82

Testicular volume between 12 and 20ml

Scrotum enlarges further and darkens

Penis increases to length to 10 cm and circumference

12.5-14 years old

Back 82

Tanner IV

Front 83

Testicular volume greater than 20ml

Adult scrotum and penis of 15cm in length

14+ years old

Back 83

Tanner V

Front 84

3 internal structures of male reproductive system

Back 84

1. Testes

2. Epididymis

3. Vas deferens

Front 85

Are glands that produce sperm and hormones

Back 85

Testes

Front 86

Is a coiled tube that holds sperm while they mature

Back 86

Epididymis

Front 87

Carry sperm from the epididymis to the penis

Back 87

Vas deferens

Front 88

It helps nourish sperm and carry them along

Back 88

Semen

Front 89

7 secondary sex characteristics of male

Back 89

1. Increase in weight

2. Growth of testes

3. Growth of face, axillary and pubic hair

4. Voice changes

5. Penile growth

6. Increase in height

7. Spermatogenesis

Front 90

8 secondary sex characteristics of female

Back 90

1. Growth spurt

2. Increase in the transverse diameter of the pelvis

3. Breast development (thelarche)

4. Growth of pubic hair (adenarche)

5. Onset of menstruation (menarche)

6. Ovulation occurs 1-2 years after menarche

7. Growth of axillary hair (adrenarche)

8. Vaginal secretion

Front 91

Purpose of menstrual cycle

Back 91

Bring an ovum to maturity and renew uterine tissue ready for implantation

Front 92

Average length of menstrual cycle

Back 92

28 days (beginning of one menstrual flow to the beginning of next)

Front 93

Average length of mentsrual flow

Back 93

4-6 days

As short as 2 days

As long as 7 days

Front 94

4 physiology of menstruation

Back 94

1. Hypothalamus

2. Putuitary gland

3. Ovaries

4. Uterus

Front 95

2 hormones produced by pituitary gland

Back 95

1. Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH)

2. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 96

Release GnRH (or LHRH) that initiates the menstrual cycle

Back 96

Hypothalamus

Front 97

Estrogen + Progesterone =

Back 97

Ovum

Front 98

One primodial follicle is activated by FSH

Back 98

Ovaries/Gonads

Front 99

An increase in LH from the posterior pituitary gland results to?

Back 99

Rupture of grafian follicle

Front 100

Progesterone increase =

Back 100

1 degree Farenheit

Front 101

What happens to LH if FSH decreases?

Back 101

LH increases

Front 102

Length of survival of egg

Back 102

Approximately 12 to 24 hours

Front 103

How many days does implantation occurs after ovulation?

Back 103

6-10 days

Front 104

A hormone produced by the embryo to signal its existence

Back 104

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Front 105

When does ovulation occur for a regular cycle

Back 105

14th day

Front 106

Length of short cycle

Back 106

23 days

Front 107

Length of long cycle

Back 107

35 days

Front 108

4 phases of the uterus

Back 108

1. Proliferative

2. Secretory

3. Ischemic

4. Menses

Front 109

2 tests for cervical mucus

Back 109

1. Fern test

2. Spinnbarkeit test

Front 110

What happens to cervical mucus when ovarian hormones are decreased?

Back 110

Cervical mucus is thick and scant

Front 111

What happens to cervical mucus during ovulation?

Back 111

Cervical mucus is thick and copius

Front 112

What happens to the cervical mucus in Fern test?

Back 112

Cervical mucus forms fernlike pattern or ferning

Front 113

What happens to the cervical mucus in Spinnbarkeit test?

Back 113

Increase in estrogen = stretchability of cervical mucus

Front 114

Cessation of menstrual cycle

Back 114

Menopause

Front 115

When does menopause occurs?

Back 115

40-55 years of age

Front 116

The entire reproductive process of producing off spring

Back 116

Procreation

Front 117

Making of all things from nothing, by an act of God, at some time in the past

Back 117

Creation

Front 118

The sum of the cellular and genetic phenomena by which organisms produces offspring similar to themselves so that the species is perpetuated

Back 118

Reproduction

Front 119

The theory that all things come about by the repeated random actions of natural selection

Back 119

Evolutionary theory

Front 120

4 theories related to procreation

Back 120

1. Christian Theory of Procreation

2. Monogenetic Theory of Procreation

3. Duogenetic Theory of Procreation

4. Theory of Evolution

Front 121

Man is created in the likeliness of God

Back 121

Christian Theory of Procreation

Front 122

Monogenetic Theory of Procreation is also known as

Back 122

Seminal conception

Front 123

Men - not men and women - are thought to bring life into this world

Back 123

Monogenetic Theory of Procreation (Turkish)

Front 124

View of men literally as creating life vis-a-vis performed fetuses that they carry in their sperm and ejaculate into women's waiting wombs

Back 124

Monogenetic Theory of Procreation (Egyptian)

Front 125

Equal contribution of man and woman to the hereditary substance of the fetus, formed through the union of a woman's ovum and man's spermatozoa

Back 125

Duogenetic Theory of Procreation

Front 126

Sexual reproduction allows genetic recumbination in order to withstand natural selection and evolve

Back 126

Theory of Evolution

Front 127

A four-stage model of physiological responses during sexual stimulation

Back 127

Human sexual response

Front 128

4 phases of human sexual response

Back 128

1. Excitement phase

2. Plateau phase

3. Orgasmic phase

4. Resolution phase

Front 129

Excitement phase is also known as

Back 129

Arousal or initial excitement phase

Front 130

Period of sexual excitement prior to orgasm

Back 130

Plateau phase

Front 131

11 erogenous zones

Back 131

1. Clitoris

2. Point G/G spot

3. Mouth

4. Ears

5. Neck and clavicle

6. Chest (areola and nipple)

7. Armpits

8. Abdomen

9. Arms

10. Fingers

11. Feet and toes

Front 132

Ovum is also known as

Back 132

Gamete/egg/egg cell

Front 133

What does the ovum carry?

Back 133

Half cargo (human DNA)

Front 134

Formation of female gametes (ova)

Back 134

Oogenesis

Front 135

When does oogenesis start?

Back 135

During fetal life

Front 136

2 layers of ovum

Back 136

1. Corona radiata

2. Zona pellucida

Front 137

Outer layer of ovum

Back 137

Corona radiata

Front 138

Inner layer of ovum

Back 138

Zona pellucida

Front 139

Sperm is also known as

Back 139

Spermatozoa/gametes/sperm cell

Front 140

Development of spermatozoa during prenatal period and begin multiplying by meiotic division during puberty

Back 140

Spermatogenesis

Front 141

How many sperm cells are formed from a single germ cell?

Back 141

4

Front 142

How many sperms are released per ejaculation?

Back 142

200-600 millions

Front 143

How many sperms are needed to form an inch in length?

Back 143

500 sperms

Front 144

3 parts of the sperm

Back 144

1. Head

2. Mid-piece

3. Tail

Front 145

Part of the sperm that contains chromatin materials

Back 145

Head

Front 146

Part of the sperm that provides energy for movement

Back 146

Mid-piece

Front 147

Responsible for the motility of sperm

Back 147

Tail

Front 148

Process of removal of the glycoprotein and seminal proteins from the acrosome of the sperm

Back 148

Capacitation

Front 149

Enzyme that digests the pathway of the sperm

Back 149

Hyaluronidase

Front 150

Prevents other sperm to enter

Back 150

Zona pellucida

Front 151

After fertilization, what is formed?

Back 151

Zygote

Front 152

The zygote first divides into two identical cells called

Back 152

Blastomeres

Front 153

After blastomere, what is next?

Back 153

Morulla

Front 154

About 3 days after conception, the zygote now consists of how many cells?

Back 154

16 cells and is called a 16 cell morulla (pre-embryo)

Front 155

A cavity appears in the center of the morulla. The grouping of cells are now called

Back 155

Blastocyst

Front 156

The cells inside of the blastocyst

Back 156

Embryoblast

Front 157

Outer cells

Back 157

Trophoblast

Front 158

It starts to form the placenta

Back 158

Trophoblast

Front 159

Starts to form the embryo

Back 159

Embryoblast

Front 160

3 layers of the embryo

Back 160

1. Ectoderm

2. Mesoderm

3. Endoderm

Front 161

Brain and spinal cord, PNS, pituitary gland...

Back 161

Ectoderm

Front 162

Cartilage, bone, connective tissue, muscle tissue, heart, blood vessels, blood cells, lymphatic system...

Back 162

Mesoderm

Front 163

Lining of the GI and respiratory tract, tonsils, thyroid....

Back 163

Endoderm

Front 164

Implantation is also known as

Back 164

Nidation

Front 165

Burrowing of the developing zygote into the endometrial lining of the uterus

Back 165

Implantation/Nidation

Front 166

How many days does implantation occurs?

Back 166

6-7 days after fertilization

Front 167

The medical definition of the start of pregnancy is about how many days?

Back 167

10 days after conception

Front 168

3 types of twins

Back 168

1. Monozygotic

2. Dizygotic

3. Conjoined

Front 169

Identical twins result from a single sperm/ovum pair that subdivides after conception

Back 169

Monozygotic

Front 170

Fraternal twins result from independent conceptions of two ovum/sperm pairs

Back 170

Dizygotic

Front 171

Length of pregnancy in days

Back 171

267-280

Front 172

Length of pregnancy in weeks

Back 172

40 (plus or minus 2 weeks)

Front 173

Length of pregnancy in lunar months

Back 173

10

Front 174

Length of pregnancy in calendar months

Back 174

9

Front 175

Length of pregnancy in trimesters

Back 175

3

Front 176

Nagele's Rule

Back 176

Calculate date of birth

(Count backward 3 calendar months from the first day of LMP and add 7 days)

Front 177

Used to determine age of gestation by measuring from the fundus (obtaining the fundal height) to the symphysis pubis

Back 177

McDonald's Rule

Front 178

This method estimates the age of gestation relative to the height of the fundus of the uterus above the symphysis pubis

Back 178

Bartholomew's Rule of Fourths

Front 179

By 3rd lunar month (12 weeks), the fundus is slightly palpable above the?

Back 179

Symphysis pubis

Front 180

By the 5th lunar month (20 weeks), the fundus is palpable at the level of the?

Back 180

Umbilicus

Front 181

On the 9th lunar month, the fundus is at the level of the?

Back 181

Xiphoid process

Front 182

Is used to estimate the weight of the fetus in grams

Back 182

Johnson's Rule

Front 183

Formula for Johnson's Rule

Back 183

(Fundic height in cm - n) k

Front 184

Value of k in Johnson's rule

Back 184

155

Front 185

Value of n in Johnson's rule

Back 185

Engaged: 12

Not yet engaged: 11

Front 186

A rough method of calculating the age of the fetus by measuring the crown to heel length of the fetus in cm

Back 186

Rule of Haase

Front 187

Formula for Rule of Haase during the first 5 months

Back 187

Square root of length

Front 188

Formula for Rule of Haase during the last 5 months

Back 188

Length divided by 5

Front 189

Gas exchange in fetal circulation

Back 189

Placenta

Front 190

Carry unoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta

Back 190

Arteries

Front 191

Carry oxygenated blood to the fetus

Back 191

Vein

Front 192

Shunts blood from RA to LA to supply blood to brain, heart, kidneys

Back 192

Foramen ovale

Front 193

Supplies blood to liver thereby bypassing fetal liver

Back 193

Ductus venosus

Front 194

Shunts blood away from lungs directly to the aorta

Back 194

Ductus arteriosus

Front 195

4 auxillary structures of the fetus

Back 195

1. Membranes

2. Amniotic fluid

3. Umbilical cord

4. Placenta

Front 196

2 parts of the membrane

Back 196

1. Chorionic membrane (chorion)

2. Amniotic membrane (amnion)

Front 197

Encloses the fetus and amniotic fluid

Back 197

Membranes

Front 198

Protects the fetus from bacterial infection

Back 198

Membranes

Front 199

Originates from chorionic villi, is thick, opaque and friable and supports the amniotic membrane

Back 199

Chorionic membrane

Front 200

A smooth, thin, tough and translucent membrane directly enclosing the fetus and the amniotic fluid

Back 200

Amniotic membrane

Front 201

Covers the fetal surface of the placenta and umbilical cord

Back 201

Amniotic membrane

Front 202

How many ml is the amniotic fluid?

Back 202

500-1,200 ml (1,000ml)

Front 203

Composition of amniotic fluid

Back 203

99% water and 1% solid particles

Front 204

pH of amniotic fluid

Back 204

7.0-7.25

Front 205

6 functions of the amniotic fluid

Back 205

1. Protects the fetus from trauma and pressure

2. Allows freedom of movement

3. Acts as exceetion and secretion system

4. Maintains constant temperature

5. Aids in diagnosis of maternal and fetal complications

6. Provides lubrication during birth

Front 206

Length and diameter of umbilical cord

Back 206

50-55cm long and 2cm diameter

Front 207

A gelatinous substance found inside the cord

Back 207

Wharton's jelly

Front 208

3 blood vessels of the umbilical cord

Back 208

2 umbilical arteries

1 umbilical vein

Front 209

3 functions of the umbilical cord

Back 209

1. Connects the fetus from the placenta

2. Carry oxygen and nutrient from the placenta to the fetus

3. Returns unoxygenated blood and fetal waste products to the placenta

Front 210

4 cord insertion

Back 210

1. Central insertion

2. Lateral insertion

3. Battledore insertion

4. Velamentous insertion

Front 211

The cord is inserted at the center of the fetal surface of the placenta

Back 211

Central insertion

Front 212

Inserted away from the center of the placenta but not at its edges

Back 212

Lateral insertion

Front 213

Cord is inserted at the edge of the placenta

Back 213

Battledore insertion

Front 214

When the cord is inserted in the membranes away from the edge of the placenta

Back 214

Velamentous insertion

Front 215

Too much amniotic fluid

Back 215

Polyhydramnios

Front 216

First feces of baby

Back 216

Meconium

Front 217

A thick, disk-shaped organ formed from the chorionic villi and attached to the decidua basalis

Back 217

Placenta

Front 218

2 types of placenta

Back 218

Duncan

Schultze

Front 219

4 functions of placenta

Back 219

1. Produces some nutrients needed by the embryo and its own functions

2. Serves as exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste products

3. Transfer needed antibodies

4. Secretes several hormones for normal pregnancy

Front 220

Absence of menstruation

Back 220

Amenorrhea

Front 221

Painless contractions and occurs during 5 months and above

Back 221

Braxton Hick's contractions

Front 222

Softening of the lower uterine segment

Back 222

Hegar's sign

Front 223

What happens in the uteroplacental blood flow?

Back 223

Blood flow increases (500ml/min from 15-20ml/min)

Front 224

Softening of cervix brought about by increased vascularity, slight hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Back 224

Goodel's Sign

Front 225

Tenacious mucus plug that fills the cervical canal

Back 225

Operculum

Front 226

Acts to seal out bacteria during pregnancy

Back 226

Operculum

Front 227

Thinning of cervix

Back 227

Effacement

Front 228

Darkening of vaginal walls and labia from a pale pink to violet hue due to increased vascularity

Back 228

Chadwick's sign

Front 229

Increase in epithelial and cervical mucous

Back 229

Leukorrhea

Front 230

This part of the breast enlarges and becomes protuberant

Back 230

Montgomrey tubercles

Front 231

High protein fluid that can be expelled from the nipple at about 16 weeks AOG

Back 231

Colostrum

Front 232

Pink to reddish streaks appearing on the sides of the abdominal wall and sometimes the thighs

Back 232

Striae gravidarum

Front 233

A narrow brown line from umbilicus to the symphysis pubis is known as

Back 233

Linea nigra

Front 234

Darkened areas on the face and neck

Back 234

Chloasma

Front 235

Redness and/or itchiness of the palms or soles of the feet

Back 235

Palmar erythema

Front 236

Tiny red elevations branching in all directions that appear most often in the neck, face, upper chest and arms

Back 236

Spider nevi/Spider angioma

Front 237

How many bpm is increased in heart rate of a pregnant?

Back 237

10 bpm

Front 238

Occurs due to the weight of the uterus which compresses the vena cava, trapping the blood in the lower extremities

Back 238

Supine hypotension

Front 239

Additional endocrine gland

Back 239

Placenta

Front 240

Inhibits uterine contractility and prevention of spontaneous abortion

Back 240

Progesterone

Front 241

Secreted by trophoblast cells of the placenta

Back 241

hCG

Front 242

Antagonist to insulin which allows glucose to become more available for fetal

Back 242

Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)

Front 243

Human Placental Lactogen (hPL) is also known as

Back 243

Human chorionic somatomamotropin

Front 244

Inhibits uterine activity

Back 244

Relaxin

Front 245

RR of pregnant

Back 245

16-24 breaths per min

Front 246

Temperature of pregnant

Back 246

Slightly increase

Front 247

Recommended weight gain of mother

Back 247

11.2-15.9kg (23-35lbs)

Front 248

Accepting the pregnancy

Back 248

First trimester

Front 249

"I am pregnant": Self as primary focus not the fetus

Back 249

First trimester

Front 250

Accepting the baby

Back 250

Second trimester

Front 251

Fetus is "real"

Back 251

Second trimester

Front 252

Preparing for parenthood

Back 252

Third trimester

Front 253

"I am going to become a mother"

Back 253

Third trimester

Front 254

"Nest-building" activities such as buying baby clothes

Back 254

Third trimester

Front 255

Intervention for breast tenderness

Back 255

Wear bra with wide shoulder strap

Front 256

Calamine lotion is for?

Back 256

Pruritis

Front 257

Intervention for nausea and vomitting

Back 257

Eat dry crackers or toast every 2 hours to avoid empty stomach or SFF

Front 258

Term for heartburn

Back 258

Pyrosis

Front 259

2 interventions for relieving muscle cramps

Back 259

1. Warm compress

2. Apply gentle massage

Front 260

Intervention for varicosity

Back 260

Wear support hose or elastic stockings

Front 261

How is Kegel's exercsie done?

Back 261

Contract muscles of vagina for 10 seconds and relax for 10 seconds; repeat contractions for 30 times/day

Front 262

3 exercises for backache

Back 262

1. Tailor sitting

2. Shoulder circling

3. Pelvic rocking

Front 263

4 methods of pain management

Back 263

1. Bradley/Partner coached method

2. Psychosexual method

3. Dick-read method

4. Lamaze method

Front 264

Childbirth is a joyful natural process

Back 264

Bradley/Partner coached method

Front 265

Pregnancy, labor and birth and the early newborn period are important part of a woman's life cycle

Back 265

Psychosexual method

Front 266

"Flowing with" the contraction

Back 266

Psychosexual method

Front 267

Fear leads to tension, which leads to pain

Back 267

Dick-read method

Front 268

Gating control theory of pain relief

Back 268

Lamaze method

Front 269

Series of events by which uterine contractions and abdominal pressure expels the fetus, placenta, and membrane

Back 269

Labor

Front 270

Enlargement of the cervical os from an orifice a few milimeters in size to an aperture large to permit the passage of the fetus

Back 270

Dilation

Front 271

A mucoid discharge from the cervix that is present after the mucous plug has been discharged

Back 271

Show

Front 272

From the end of one contraction to the beginning of the next contraction

Back 272

Interval

Front 273

From the beginning of one contraction to its completion

Back 273

Duration

Front 274

Progressive thinning and shortening of the cervix

Back 274

Effacement

Front 275

Settling of the fetal head into the pelvis

Back 275

Engagement

Front 276

6 theories of labor onset

Back 276

1. Uterine stretch theory

2. Oxytocin theory

3. Increased fetal cortisol level

4. Prostaglanding theory

5. Progesterone deprivation theory

6. Theory of aging placenta

Front 277

Occurs 10-14 days before onset of labor

Back 277

Lightening

Front 278

Texture of cervix during true labor

Back 278

Butter soft

Front 279

Contraction during false labor

Back 279

Irregular

Often disappear with ambulation and sleep

Do not increase in duration, intensity or frequency

Front 280

Contraction during true labor

Back 280

Irregular to regular

Continue no matter what the activity

Progression in duration, intensity and frequency

Front 281

Pain/discomfort during false labor

Back 281

Felt in abdomen and groin

Relieved by ambulation

Front 282

Pain/discomfort during true labor

Back 282

Begins at the lower back and sweeps around to lower abdomen

Not relieved by ambulation

Front 283

Cervical dilation during false labor

Back 283

No significant change

Front 284

Cervical dilation during true labor

Back 284

Progressive effacement and dilation

Front 285

3 signs of true labor

Back 285

1. Uterine contraction

2. Bloody show

3. Rupture of membranes

Front 286

5 P's of labor

Back 286

Passageway

Passenger

Powers

Psyche

Position

Front 287

Route a fetus must travel from the uterus to the cervix and vagina to the external perineum

Back 287

Passageway

Front 288

4 Compositions of the passageway of the fetus

Back 288

1. Ilium

2. Ischium

3. Pubis

4. Sacrum

Front 289

4 types of pelvis

Back 289

1. Gynecoid

2. Platypelloid

3. Android

4. Anthropoid

Front 290

Best type of pelvis for giving birth

Back 290

Gynecoid

Front 291

It is the male pelvis and is heart-shaped

Back 291

Android

Front 292

Female pelvis shape in order

Back 292

Gynecoid (50)

Anthropoid (25)

Android (20)

Platypelloid (5)

Front 293

2 pelvic measurements

Back 293

1. Diagonal conjugate

2. Transverse conjugate

Front 294

Distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory to the lower margin of the symphysis pubis

Back 294

Diagonal conjugate

Front 295

Length of diagonal conjugate

Back 295

11.5 cm or greater

Front 296

Distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory to the midline of the symphysis pubis

Back 296

Obstetric conjugate

Front 297

Distance between the midpoint promontory to the upper margin of the symphysis pubis

Back 297

True conjugate

Front 298

Length of obstetric conjugate

Back 298

10 cm (subtract 1.5-2 from DC)

Front 299

Legth of true conjugate

Back 299

Subtract 1.5 cm less than DC

Front 300

Length of transverse diameter

Back 300

13.5 cm

Front 301

Length of interspinous diameter

Back 301

10.5 cm

Front 302

Membrane-filled spaces

Back 302

Fontanelles

Front 303

Anterior fontanelle is also known as

Back 303

Bregma

Front 304

When does anterior fontanelle close?

Back 304

12-18 months of age

Front 305

Shape of anterior fontanelle

Back 305

Diamond-shaped

Front 306

Shape of posterior fontanelle

Back 306

Triangular shape

Front 307

Where does the posterior fontanelle lie?

Back 307

Between the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures

Front 308

When does the posterior fontanelle close?

Back 308

2-3 months of age

Front 309

Area over the frontal bone

Back 309

Sinicput/brow

Front 310

Area between the 2 fontanelles

Back 310

Vertex

Front 311

Area over the occipital bone

Back 311

Occiput

Front 312

Overlapping of the bones which permits adaptations to the various diameters of the maternal pelvis

Back 312

Molding

Front 313

Allow cranial bones to move and overlap, molding or diminishing the size of the skull to pass through the birth canal

Back 313

Suture lines

Front 314

Relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of mother

Back 314

Fetal lie

Front 315

2 types of fetal lie

Back 315

1. Longitudinal

2. Transverse

Front 316

Degree of flexion a fetus assumes during labor or relation of the fetal parts to each other

Back 316

Fetal attitude

Front 317

3 types of fetal attitude

Back 317

1. Complete flexion

2. Moderate flexion

3. Partial flexion

Front 318

The fetal part that enters the pelvis first

Back 318

Fetal presentation

Front 319

How is fetal presentation determined?

Back 319

Combination of fetal lie and attitude

Front 320

3 fetal presentations

Back 320

1. Cephalic

2. Breech

3. Shoulder

Front 321

3 types of breech

Back 321

1. Frank breech

2. Complete breech

3. Footling breech

Front 322

What is PROM?

Back 322

Premature rupture of membranes

Front 323

Relationship of the presenting part to a specific quadrant of the maternal pelvis

Back 323

Fetal position

Front 324

4 fetal landmarks to describe the relationship of the presenting part to the pelvic quadrant

Back 324

1. Occiput (vertex)

2. Mentum (face)

3. Sacrum (breech)

4. Scapula or acromium process (shoulder)

Front 325

Describes the position of the presenting part in relation to the level of the ischial spine

Back 325

Station

Front 326

Station of crowning

Back 326

+3 to +4

Front 327

Station of an engaged fetus

Back 327

0

Front 328

6 mechanism of labor (cardinal movements)

Back 328

1. Descent

2. Flexion

3. Internal rotation

4. Extension

5. External rotation

6. Expulsion

Front 329

Downward movement of the biparietal diameter of the fetal head within the pelvic inlet

Back 329

Descent

Front 330

Settling of the presenting part of the fetus for enough into the pelvis to be at the level of the ischial spine

Back 330

Flexion

Front 331

Flexion of the head as it meets resistance from the soft tissues of the pelvis

Back 331

Internal rotation

Front 332

Head bends forward to present the smallest anteroposterior diameter to the birth canal

Back 332

Internal rotation

Front 333

Occurs as a result of negotiation of the fetal head to the curve of the pelvis

Back 333

Extension

Front 334

Rotation of the head, immediately after it is born, back to the diagonal or transverse position

Back 334

External rotation

Front 335

Complete birth of the body

Back 335

Expulsion

Front 336

2 powers of labor

Back 336

1. Primary power (involuntary contractions)

2. Secondary power (bearing down)

Front 337

Psychological state or feelings that a woman brings into labor

Back 337

Psyche

Front 338

Common position of mother during labor

Back 338

Lithotomy position

Front 339

Begins with onset of true labor contractions and ends with complete dilation and effacement of the cervix

Back 339

First stage

Front 340

Begins from full cervical dilation to fetal expulsion

Back 340

Second stage

Front 341

Begins from expulsion of the baby to placental expulsion

Back 341

Third stage

Front 342

4 signs of placental separation

Back 342

1. Lengthening of umbilical cord

2. Sudden gush of blood

3. Change in shape of uterus

4. Appearance of placenta at vaginal opening

Front 343

Normal blood loss

Back 343

300 to 500 ml

Front 344

Begins from the delivery of placenta to the first 1-2 hours after birth

Back 344

Fourth stage

Front 345

3 lochia discharges

Back 345

1. Rubra (1-3)

2. Serosa (4-10)

3. Alba (11-21)

Front 346

Bloody red, small clots and fleshy earth odor

Back 346

Rubra

Front 347

Pink or brown lochia

Back 347

Serosa

Front 348

Creamy, yellowish lochia

Back 348

Alba