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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethical issue |
A situation, problem, or opportunity in which an individual must choose among several actions that must be evaluated as morally right or wrong |
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Business ethic |
The moral principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business |
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Moral philosophy |
Principles, rules, and values people use in deciding what is right or wrong |
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Universalism |
The ethical system stating that all people should uphold certain values that society needs to function |
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Caux principles for business |
Ethical principles established by international executives based in caux, Switzerland, in collaboration with business leaders from Japan, Europe, and US Two ethical ideas: human dignity and kyosei |
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Kyosei |
Living and working together for the common good, allowing cooperation and mutual prosperity to coexist with healthy and fair competition |
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Human dignity |
Concerns the value of each person as an end, not a means to the fulfillment of others' purposes |
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Egoism |
An ethical principle holding that individual self-interest is the actual motive of all conscious action |
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Utilitarianism |
An ethical system stating that the greatest good for the greatest number of people should be the overriding concern of decision makers |
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Relativism |
A philosophy that bases ethical behavior on the opinions and behaviors on the opinions and behaviors of relevant other people Acknowledges existence of different ethical viewpoints |
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Kohlberg's model of cognitive moral development |
Classification of people based on their level of moral judgement |
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Preconventional stage |
People make decisions based on concrete rewards and punishments and immediate self interest |
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Conventional stage |
People conform to the expectations of ethical behavior held by groups or institutions such as society,family, or peers, |
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Principled stage |
People see beyond authority. Laws, and norms and follow their self-chosen ethical principles |
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Virtue ethics |
A perspective that goes beyond the conventional rules of society by suggesting that what is moral must also come from what a mature person with good "moral character " would deem right |
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Sarbanes-oxley act |
An act that established strict accounting and reporting rules to make senior managers more accountable and to improve and maintain investor confidence |
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Ethical climate |
In an organization, the processes by which decisions are evaluated and made on the basis of right and wrong |
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Ethical leader |
One who is both a moral person and a moral manager influencing others to behave ethically |
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Compliance based ethics programs |
Company mechanisms typically designed by corporate counsel to prevent, detect, and punish legal violations Increase surveillance and controls on people and impose punishments on wrongdoers |
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Integrity based ethics programs |
Company mechanisms designed to instill in people a personal responsibility for ethical behavior Individuals govern themselves through a set of guiding principles that they embrace |
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Corporate social responsibility |
Obligation toward society assumed by business |
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Economic responsibilities |
To produce goods and services that society wants at a price that perpetuates the business and satisfies its obligations to investors |
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Legal responsibilities |
To obey local, state, federal, and relevant international laws |
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Ethical responsibilities |
Meeting other social expectations, not written as law |
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Philanthropic responsibilities |
Additional behaviors and activities that society finds desirable and that the values of the business support |
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Transcendent education |
An education with five higher goals that balance self interest with responsibility to others Empathy, generativity, mutuality, civil aspiration, intolerance of ineffective humanity |
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Shareholder model |
Theory of corporate social responsibility that holds that managers are agents of shareholders whose primary objective is to maximize profits |
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Stakeholders model |
Theory of corporate social responsibility that suggests that managers are obliged to look beyond profitability to help their organizations succeed by interacting with groups that have a stake in the organization |
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Ecocentric management |
Its goal is the creation of sustainable economic development and improvement of quality of life worldwide for all organizational stakeholders |
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Sustainable growth |
Economic growth and development that meet present needs without harming the needs of future generations |
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Life cycle analysis |
A process of analyzing all inputs and outputs, through the entire "cradle to the grave" life of a product, to determine total environmental impact of its production and use Quantifies the total use of resources and the releases into the air, water, and land |
