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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Personality
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unique and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, and emotions shown by individuals.
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Type A
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involves high levels of competitiveness, time urgency, and irritability.
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Type B
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casual, laid-back style; the opposite of Type A
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Emotions
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overt reactions that express feelings about events.
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Moods
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defined as unfocused, relatively mild feelings that exist as background to our daily experiences. Moods result from both feeling states and Personality traits
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Emotional dissonance
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occurs when people are required to display emotions on the job that are inconsistent with how they actually feel.
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Personal Identity
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the characteristics that define a particular individual.
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Social Identity
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Who a person is, as defined in terms of his or her membership in various social groups.
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Social Identity Theory
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says that the way we perceive others and ourselves is based on our personal and social identities.
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Consensus
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other people behave in the same manner as the person being judged.
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Consistency
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the person being judged acts the same way at other times.
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Distinctiveness
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a person behaves in a different manner in other contexts.
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Halo effect
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the tendency for a persons overall impression to bias his or her assessment of another on specific dimensions
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Stereotypes
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preconceived beliefs that all members of specific groups share similar traits and behaviors.
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Self-fulfilling prophecies
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the tendency for someones expectations about another to cause that individual to behave in a manner consistent with those expectations. (i.e. So, when leaders display enthusiasm toward people and express optimism about each person’s potential, such positive expectations become contagious and spread throughout the organization)
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Pygmalion effect
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positive case, holding high expectations of another tends to improve that individuals performance. (i.e. Trainees whose instructors expected them to do well actually did so)
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Golem effect
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low expectations of success lead to poor performance
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Learning
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a relatively permanent change in behavior occurring as a result of experience.
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Operant conditioning
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the process of learning that results when the consequences of our behaviors determine whether we will be likely to repeat them in the future.
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Observational learning
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occurs when someone acquires new knowledge vicariously that is, by observing what happens to others.
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Kinds of learning in organizations
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- training
- organizational behavior - management - discipline - knowledge management |
