M2-C2-L36 --> Cerebral Cortex I

Front 1

What are the phylogenetic divisions of the cerebral cortex? Include # of layers for each division.

Back 1

1. Archicortex (3 layers)
2. Paleocortex (3 layers)
3. Neocortex (6 layers)

Front 2

The hippocampus is involved in which cortex division

Back 2

The archicortex

Front 3

The olfactory cortex is part of which cortex division

Back 3

Paleocortex

Front 4

Flavor = ?

Back 4

Olfactory + Taste

Front 5

Loss of olfaction often described as loss of what?

Back 5

Loss of taste

Front 6

What is responsible for regeneration in the olfactory epithelium, and what does it regenerate?

Back 6

Basal cells

Bipolar neurons

Front 7

How does the olfactory system project to the cortex?

Back 7

Directly

Without a thalamus

Front 8

What is an uncus and what is it composed of?

Back 8

Primary olfactory cortex

1. Entorhinal cortex
2. Pyriform

Front 9

What are the three types of connections that go on in the cerebral cortex?

Back 9

1. Commissural
2. Association
3. Projections

Front 10

List the component bundles of the associational connections.

Back 10

1. Uncinate Fasciculus
2. Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus
3. Arcuate Fasciculus

Front 11

List the component bundles of the Commissural connections.

Back 11

1. Corpus Callosum
2. Anterior Commissure

Front 12

Most (90%) of cortical connections occur where and through what connections?

Back 12

Are internal

Occur via Commissural (interhemispheric) and Association (intrahemispheric) connections.

Front 13

Describe projection fibers and how much they make up the cortical connections.

Back 13

External cortical projections

10% of cortical connection

Front 14

What do Projection fibers pass through?

Back 14

1. Internal Capsule
(Medial Forebrain Bundle)

2. Retrolenticular Portion
( Optic Radiation)

3. Sublenticular Portion
(Auditory Radiation)

Front 15

List the components of the Projection connections.

Back 15

1. Ascending sensory pathway
2. Descending motor pathway
3. ARAS

Front 16

List some functions of ARAS.

Back 16

1. Battery for stimulating and maintaining conscious state.

2. Sleep regulation

Front 17

ARAS is usually a target of what medically?

Back 17

General Anesthetics

Front 18

Lesions in the ARAS my result in what?

Back 18

Coma

Front 19

List the two nuclei of the dorsal thalamus involved in thalamic connections of the associational cortex.

Back 19

1. Pulvinar nuclei
2. Dorsomedial (DM) nuclei

Front 20

The pulvinar of the dorsal thalamus is responsible for what?

Back 20

Sensory analyzer

Front 21

The Dorsomedial nuclei of the dorsal thalamus is responsible for what?

Back 21

Motor analyzer

Memory processing

Front 22

In the neocortical areas, describe the determination of thickness and resulting appearance.

Back 22

Despite being 6 layers all over, not the same thickness.

Motor areas (lots of pyramidal cells) are thick

Sensory areas (lots of granule cells) are thin

Associational areas look a bit between motor and sensory areas.

All areas look different and it mimic the differences in their function.

Front 23

List the major NT's of the cerebral cortex and describe whether it is excitatory or inhibitory.

Back 23

Glutamate (excitatory)
Aspartate (excitatory)

GABA (inhibitory)

Front 24

The neocortical brain is also called what?

Back 24

Intellectual brain

Front 25

Where is the neocortical brain located?

Back 25

Lateral portion brain

Front 26

The limbic brain is also known as what?

Back 26

The emotional brain

Front 27

Where is the limbic brain located?

Back 27

Medial portion of brain

Front 28

Describe the layering of the limbic lobe.

Back 28

Transitional between 3 and 6 layers

Front 29

What is located inside the neocortical brain?

Back 29

Motor and Sensory analyzers

Front 30

What comprises the limbic lobe?

Back 30

1. Subcallosal
2. Subcallosal area
3. Cingulate
4. Parahippocampus
5. Hippocampus
6. Dentate Gyri

Front 31

Functions of the lateral brain. x6

Back 31

1. Language
2. Self Awareness
3. Cognitive
4. Abstract
5. Logic
6. Long term Adaptation

Front 32

Functions of the medial brain. x4

Back 32

1. Instinctive behavior
2. Survival mechanisms
3. Emotions
4. Short term adaptation

Front 33

Functions of left hemisphere. x5

Back 33

1. Language
2. Analytical analysis
3. Motor organization/performance
4. Auditory analysis
5. Positive personality

Front 34

Functions of right hemisphere.

Back 34

1. Visual Analysis
2. Spatial / Temporal
3. Music
4. Sense of humor
5. Creativity
6. Aggressive emotion
7. Negative personality

Front 35

Human consciousness comes from where?

Back 35

Communication between two hemispheres

Front 36

Alien hand syndrome is caused by an occlusion where?

Back 36

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Front 37

What is the symptom of Alien hand syndrome?

Back 37

Contralateral hand executes involuntary, but often purposeful movements

Front 38

In terms of anatomical positioning, where would you find the motor analyzer and the sensory analyzer in the lateral brain?

Back 38

Motor is anterior

Sensory is posterior

Front 39

What is the primary zone of the sensory analyzer responsible for?

Back 39

Perception

Front 40

What is the secondary zone of the sensory analyzer responsible for?

Back 40

Recognition

Front 41

What is the tertiary zone of the sensory analyzer responsible for?

Back 41

Complex analysis

Front 42

What is the components of the association cortex?

Back 42

Secondary and Tertiary Zone of the sensory analyzer