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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the order of blood cell count from greatest to least in normal adult?
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1. RBC
2. Platelet 3. Leukocyte |
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What is the order of leukocyte types in blood count for normal adult?
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1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes 3. Monocytes 4. Eosinophils 5. Basophils |
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PMN also known as?
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Granulocytes
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Who are "heavy lifters" of immune system?
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PMN leukocytes and Monocytes
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What do PMN leukocytes and monocytes do?
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Phagocytize antigens and destroy through intracellular mechanisms.
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What happens to PMN after antigen is removed?
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They die.
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What are the first cells to arrive at site of infection?
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PMN leukocytes.
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What are the PMN's, and give brief description of each.
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1. Neutrophils (primary phagocytizing cell)
2. Eosinophils (primary for parasitic response) 3. Basophils (for immediate inflammation responses, but sometimes detrimental such as allergic reactions) |
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What does macrophages differentiate from?
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Monocytes
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Macrophages can be phagocytic and what?
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Antigen Presenting Cells (APC).
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Antigen Presenting Cells (APC's) are derived from what cell lineage?
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Myeloid lineage.
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What are the types of APC's? x4
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1. Macrophages
2. Dendritic cells 3. B lymphocytes 4. Thymic epithelial cells |
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What is the principle APC?
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Dendritic cell.
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What does B lymphocytes recognize?
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B lymphocytes recognize free antigens.
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What does T lymphocytes recognize?
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T lymphocytes recognize antigens bound on MHC of cell surfaces.
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APC presents exogenous antigens to what?
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CD4 T cell (T helper cell)
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CD4 T cells AKA?
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Th cell (T helper cell)
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Exogenous antigens are associated with what type of MHC protein?
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MHC II
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APC presents endogenous antigens to what?
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CD8 T-cell (T cytotoxic cell)
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CD8 T-cells AKA?
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Tc cell (T cytotoxic cell)
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Endogenous antigens are associated with what MHC?
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MHC I
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What type of surface receptors do B and T lymphocytes express?
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Antigen specific receptors
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What do B-cells synthesize?
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Antibodies
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What to T-cells participate in?
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Cellular immune responses (the brains of the system that never get their hands dirty)
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How do you tell the difference between a B-cell and a T-cell
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They look the same, but you can tell the difference by looking at the protein spectrum of receptors on the cell surface
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What is a plasma cell?
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A fully mature B-cell (with the help of T-helper cells) that if an antibody synthesis and secretion factory.
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What cells have antigen binding receptors (antibodies)?
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B-cells
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In general, what do T-helper cells do in cellular response immunity?
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Make cytokines that influences other cells in inducing immune responses.
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In general, what to T-cytotoxic cells do in cellular response immunity?
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Targes cells with MHC antigens and convinces them to apoptosis.
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T/F - Natural Killer cells are B lymphocytes.
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False - they are neither B or T, but just another granular lymphocyte.
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T/F - Natural Killer cells need to be activated.
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False - They don't need to be activated. They already are, but can be further activated.
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What do Natural Killer cells destroy?
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Damaged cell or abnormal cell.
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What are the primary sites of the lymphatic system?
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Bone Marrow and Thymus
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What are some secondary sites of lymphatic system?
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Peripheral lymph nodes, Adenoids, Tonsils, Spleen, etc.
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What is the primary function of secondary lymphoid tissues?
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Optimize antigen-lymphocyte interactions.
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Where does T and B-cells cross out of blood circulation?
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Post capillary venuoles.
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What does it mean for a cell to be naive?
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They have not encountered their specific antigen or MHC complex.
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What do naive cells secrete in order to adhere to HEV (High cubuidal Epithelial tissue)
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Selectin.
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Once activated, how do T and B-cells stay in circulation?
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The down express selectin.
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What occurs in germinal centers?
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The place of activation.
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Trace the circulation of T-cells.
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Blood vessels -->
post capillary venuoles --> lymph nodes --> exit lymphatic vessel (efferent) --> Thoracic duct --> Blood circulation |
