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3 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Origins and insertions of Muscles of the lower limb |
Anterior view:
1. Sartorius muscle: * origin is from the anterior superior iliac spine. * inserts into the superior part of the medial surface of the tibia. (lateral view) * nerve supply is by the femoral nerve * blood supply is by the femoral artery. * movements are abduction, lateral rotation and flexion of thigh and knee joint.
2. Rectus femoris: * origin is from anterior inferior iliac spine. * inserts into the base of the patella and the tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament. * nerve supply is by the femoral nerve. * blood supply is by the profunda femoris and lateral circumflex femoral arteries. * movements are extension of leg at knee joint and flexion of thigh at hip joint.
3. Iliacus muscle: (iliopsoas) * origin is from the superior two third of iliac fossa and iliac crest. * inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur and shaft inferior to it, to the psoas major tendon. * nerve supply is the femoral nerve * blood supply is by the iliac branches of iliolumbar artery. * movements are flexion of thigh at hips, stabilising hip joint and acting with psoas major.
4. Piriformis muscle: * origin is the anterior surface of sacral segments 2-4 and sacrotuberous ligament. * inserts into the superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur. * nerve supply is by ventral rami L5, S1, S2 * blood supply is by superior and inferior gluteal arteries and internal pudendal artery. * movements are the lateral rotation of extended thigh, abduction of flexed thigh at hip.
5. Obturator internus muscle: * origin is the pelvic surface of Obturator membrane and surrounding bone. * inserts into the medial surface of greater trochanter of femur * nerve supply is by the nerve to Obturator internus. * blood supply is by internal pudendal and Obturator arteries. * movements are lateral rotation of extended thigh and abduction of flexed thigh at the hip.
6. Obturator externus: * origin is from the margins of the Obturator foramen and Obturator membrane. * inserts into the trochanteric fossa of the femur (posterior) * nerve supply is Obturator nerve * blood supply is by the medial circumflex femoral artery and Obturator artery.
7. Inferior gemellus: * origin is the ischial tuberosity (posterior view) * inserts into the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur * nerve supply is by the nerve to quadratus femoris * blood supply is by medial circumflex femoral artery. * movements are lateral rotation of extended thigh at the hip.
8. Superior gemellus: * origin is the outer surface of the ischial spine. * inserts into the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur. * nerve supply is the nerve to the Obturator internus * blood supply is the inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries.
9. Pectineus muscle: * originates from the superior ramus of pubis * inserts into pectineal line of femur * nerve supply is femoral nerve and sometimes Obturator nerve. * blood supply is medial circumflex femoral artery and Obturator artery. * movements are adduction and flexion of thigh at hip.
10. Gracilis muscle: * originates from the body and inferior ramus of pubis * inserts into the superior part of medial surface of tibia * nerve supply by Obturator nerve * blood supply by profunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral artery. * movements are adduction of thigh, flexion and medial rotation of leg.
11. Vastus lateralis: * originates from the greater trochanter and lateral lip of line aspera of femur. * inserts into the base of the patella and tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament. * nerve supply by femoral nerve * blood supply by lateral circumflex femoral and Profonda femoris. * movements are extension of leg at knee joint.
12. Vastus intermedius: * originates from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the body of the femur. * inserts into the base of patella and tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament. * nerve supply is the femoral nerve. * blood supply is the lateral circumflex femoral and profunda femoris arteries. * movements are extension of leg at knee joint.
13. Vastus medialis: * originates from the intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the line aspera of the femur. * inserts into the base of the patella and tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament. * nerve supply is femoral nerve. * blood supply is the femoral nerve and profunda femoris arteries. * movements are extension of leg at knee joint.
14. Adductor longus: * originates from body of pubis inferior to pubic crest. * inserts into middle third of linea aspera of femur. * nerve supply is the anterior division of the Obturator nerve. * blood supply is the profunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral arteries. * movement is adduction of thigh at hip.
15. Adductor brevis: * originates from body and inferior pubic ramus * inserts into the pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of the femur. * nerve supply is the Obturator nerve * blood supply is the profunda femoris, medial circumflex femoral arteries and Obturator arteries. * movements are adduction of thigh at hip. It is a weak hip flexor.
16. Adductor magnus: * originates from the inferior pubic ramus and ramus of ischium. The hamstring part is from the ischial tuberosity. * inserts into the linea aspera and medial supracondylar line (gluteal part). The hamstring part inserts into the adductor tubercle of femur. * adductor part is supplied by Obturator nerve and the hamstring part by tibial division of sciatic nerve. * blood supply to both parts is by femoral artery, profunda femoris and Obturator arteries. * movemts at the adductor part is adduction and flexion of thigh, and at the hamstring part is the extension of thigh.
17. Quadratus femoris: * originates from lateral margin of ischial tuberosity. * inserts into the quadrat tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur. * nerve supply is the nerve to quadratus femoris * blood supply is the medial circumflex femoral artery. * movements are the lateral rotation of thigh at the hip. Posterior view 18. Gluteus maximus * origin is the ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament. * most fibers inserts into the iliotibial tract which inserts into the lateral condyleof the tibia. Some fibers insert into the gluteal tuberosity of femur. * nerve supply is inferior gluteal nerve * blood supply is inferior gluteal arteries mainly and superior gluteal arteries occasionally. * movements are extension of flexed thigh, assists in lateral rotation as well as abduction of thigh. 19. Gluteus medius: * origin is lateral surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines. * inserts into the lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur. * nerve supply is superior gluteal nerve. * blood supply is superior gluteal artery. * movements are abduction and medial rotation of thigh at hips. It steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised. 20. Gluteus minimus: * originates from lateral surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines. * inserts into anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur. * nerve supply is superior gluteal nerve. * blood supply is main trunk and deep branch of superior gluteal artery. * movements are adduction and medial rotation of thigh at hips. It steadies pelvis on leg when opposite leg is raised. 21. Tensor fasciae latae: * originates from anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest. * inserts into iliotibial tract that attaches to the lateral condyle of tibia. * nerve supply is superior gluteal nerve. * blood supply is ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery. * movements are abduction, medial rotation and flexion of thigh at hip. It also helps to keep knee extended. 22. Gastrocnemius: * lateral head originates from lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur. Medial head originates from popliteal surface above medial condyle of femur. * inserts into the posterior aspect of calceneus via calceneal tendon. * nerve supply is tibial nerve. * blood supply is poiteal and posterior tibial arteries. * movements are planter flexion of foot at ankle joint, assists in flexion of knee joint, raises heel during walking. 23. Semimembranosus: * originates from the ischial tuberosity. * inserts into the posterior part of the medial condyle of tibia. * nerve supply is the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. * blood supply is the perforating branch of the pofunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral arteries. * movements are flexion of leg and extension of thigh. 24. Semitendinosus: * originates from the ischial tuberosity. (same place as biceps femoris) * inserts into the superior part of the medial surface of tibia. * nerve supply is tibial division of sciatic nerve * blood supply is perforating branches of pofunda femoris and medial circumflex femoral arteries. * movements are flexion of legand extension of thigh. 25. Popliteus: * originates from lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus. * inserts into posterior tibia superior to soleal line. * nerve supply is tibial nerve * blood supply is inferior medial and lateral genicular arteries. * movements are weak flexion of knee. It unlocks knee by rotating femur on fixed tibia. 26. Biceps femoris: *long head originates from ischial tuberosity. Short head originates from linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur. * inserts into the lateral side of head of fibula. * nerve supply for long head is the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. And for the short head is the common fibula division of the sciatic nerve. * blood supply is perforating branches ofprofunda femoris, inferior gluteal and medial circumflex arteries. * movements are flexion and lateral rotation of leg as well as extension of thigh at hip. |
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Muscles of the lower region. |
1. Anterior view of thigh:
Sartorius, rectus femoris, pectineus, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, adductor longus, gluteus medius, psoas major, iliacus, Inguinal ligament, gracilis, iliotibial tract, tensor fascia latae, patella, patellar ligament, rectus femoris tendon (which joins quadriceps femoris tendon), pes anserinus ( tendon of gracilis, sartorius and semitendinosus), iliopsoas, lateral patellar retinaculum, medial patellar retinaculum, anteromedial intermuscular septum, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor minimus (part of adductor longus) , obturator externus, quadrutus femoris, anterior superior iliac spine, public tubercle.
NB!. PECTINEUS MUSCLE COVERS OBTURATOR EXTERNUS . RECTUS FEMORIS COVERS VASTUS INTERMEDIUS . SARTORIUS COVERS ADDUCTOR HIATUS AND ANTEROMEDIAL INTERMUSCULAR SEPTUM. . GRACILIS COVERS ADDUCTOR MAGNUS . ADDUCTOR MINIMUS IN THE UPPER INITIAL PART OF ADDUCTOR MAGNUS . . ADDUCTOR LONGUS COVERS ADDUCTOR BREVIS. . ILIOTIBIAL TRACT COVERS VASTUS LATERALIS
2. Lateral view:
Iliac rest, gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae latae, vastus lateralis, iliotibial tract, long and short head of biceps femoris, semi membranous, plantaris, lateral head of gadtrocnemiys, lateral patellar reticulum, patellar ligament, sartorius, rectus femoris.
3. Superficial posterior view:
Iliac crest, gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris long and short head, adductor minimus, gracilis, semimembranosus , lateral and medial head of gastrocnemius, sartorius, iliotibial tract.
4. Deeper dissection of posterior view:
Gluteal aponeurosis over gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, ischial tuberosity, semitendinosus, adductor minimus which is part of adductor magnus (underneath biceps femoris and semimembranosus ) , gracilis, iliotibial tract, short head of biceps femoris. |
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Neurovasculature of the lower region |
1. Superficial anterior view of thigh:
superficial circumflex Iliac vessels- artery and vein (going into iliopsoas and slightly above Inguinal ligament into iliacus and psoas major), superficial and deep external pudendal vessels-artery and vein, femoral artery, vein and nerve, profunda femoris, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
2. Superficial anterior view of thigh with sartorius removed:
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, adductor hiatus which is covered by anteromedial intermuscular septum (this is where femoral nerve, artery and vein exit into the popliteal fossa), profunda femoris, nerve to vastus medialis, saphenous nerve and saphenous branch of descending genicular artery (seen after the adductor hiatus and going into the superficial pes anserinus), lateral circumflex femoral artery.
3. Deep dissection of anterior view of thigh:
Tansverse, ascending and descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, external Iliac artery and vein which becomes femoral artery and vein past Inguinal ligament, femoral nerve with saphenous nerve branch past adductor hiatus and branch leading to vastus medialis, profunda femoris with four perforating branches, descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery leading into tendon of vastus intermedius, medialis, profunda femoris with four perforating branches, descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery leading into tendon of vastus intermedius,
Posterior and anterior obturator nerve, cutaneous obturator nerve (formed from anterior obturator nerve), descending genicular artery which is a branch from femoral artery just before entering adductor hiatus. This descending genicular artery branches into articular branch (towards vastus medialis and patella) and saphenous branch which leads into superficial pes anserinus along with the saphenous nerve.
4. Deep posterior view:
Pudendal nerve, inferior gluteal artery, nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus, sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous (all from the same foramen and below piriformis), four muscular branches of sciatic nerve, adductor hiatus, popliteal artery and vein, sciatic splits into common fibula nerve and tibial nerve past the adductor hiatus - posterior region of knee joint, superior medial genicular artery, superior gluteal artery and nerve coming out of the fossa before piriformis muscle, medial circumflex femoral artery, the four perforating branches of profunda femoris, superior lateral genicular artery. 5. Deep view of hip and buttock: Sciatic nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus, pudendal nerve, inferior gluteal artery and neve all come out from under the piriformis. Superior gluteal nerve and artery supply gluteus minimus and medius Underneath inferior gemellus and obturator internus muscle is the nerve leading to quadrutus femoris. |
