Lower Extremity Anatomy 2

Front 1

what make up the bases of the longitudinal arch of the foot?

Back 1

posterior base - tuberosity of the calcaneus
anterior base - metatarsal heads and sesamoids

Front 2

what fors the arch of the longitudinal arch?

Back 2

metatarsal and tarsal bones with the talus being the keystone

Front 3

what is the rigid component of the longitudinal arch and what composes it?

Back 3

the lateral part. it is flatter and is composed of the calcaneus, cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals, and their phalanges

Front 4

what is the flexible component of the longitudinal arch? what composes it?

Back 4

the medial part is more arches and composed of the calcaneu, talus, navvicular, cuneiforms, medial 3 metatarsals w/ their phalanges and the sesamoids

Front 5

in leg: the ___ divides the posterior compartment into a deep and superficial compartment

Back 5

deep transverse fascia

Front 6

(in leg) what does the deep fascia do?

Back 6

surrounds muscles, has septa.
it fuses to tibia and fibula at subcutaneous surfaces

Front 7

all leg muscles except the ___ and ___ of the ____

Back 7

popliteus
extrinsic
foot

Front 8

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment? (M to L)

Back 8

tibialis ant
ext hall long
ext digi long
perneus (fibularis) tertius

Front 9

what is the function of the anterior compartment of leg muscles?

Back 9

dorsiflexion -> toe clearance during swing phase, prevention of foot slap at heel strike

Front 10

problems with ant comp leg mm results in what kind of gait?

Back 10

steppage gait

Front 11

what are the muscles of the lat compartment of leg mm?

Back 11

peroneous (fibularis) longus
peroneus (fibularis) brevis

Front 12

what is the primary function of the lat compartment leg mm?

Back 12

pronation and plantarflexion

Front 13

what are the muscles of the superficial post compartment of leg?

Back 13

gastrocnemius (crosses knee)
soleus (DOESNT cross knee)
plantaris

Front 14

what muscles fuse to the achilles heel?

Back 14

gastrocnemius and soleus

Front 15

what is the primary function of the superficial group of mm in the post compartment of leg?

Back 15

plantarflexion of foot to propel forward during gait

Front 16

what are the muscles in the deep group of post compartment leg mm?

Back 16

popliteus (most lateral)
flexor Hallucis longus
flexor Digittorum longus
Tibialis post (most medial)

Front 17

what is the primary function of the deep group of post comp leg mm?

Back 17

during gait: plantarflexion and supination of the foot (except for the popliteus, it doesn't go down to tthe foot)

Front 18

what is the intrinsic m of the knee?

Back 18

popliteus

Front 19

what nerve innervates the ant comp of leg?

Back 19

deep peroneal (fibular)
dorsiflexion of foot (toe clearance, heel slap) -> steppage gait

Front 20

what never innervates the lat comp of leg?

Back 20

superficial peroneal (fibular)
eversion/pronators

Front 21

what nerve innervates the superficial post comp of leg?

Back 21

tibial
(plantarflexion)

Front 22

what never innervates the deep post comp of leg?

Back 22

tibial
(plantarflexion)

Front 23

tibialis ant

Back 23

o: lat surface of shaft of tibia
i: medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base
a: dorsiflexes and inverts foot
n: deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 24

extensor hallucis longus

Back 24

o: medial surface of shaft of fibula
i: distal phalanx of hallux
a: dorsiflexes hallux and foot
n: deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 25

extensor digitorum longus

Back 25

o: medial surface of shaft of fibula
i: middle and distal phalanges of the lesser digits
a: dorsiflexes the lesser digits and foot
n: deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Front 26

peroneus longus

Back 26

o: lat surface of shaft of gibula
i: medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base
a: plantarflexes and pronates (everts) the foot
n: superficial peroneal (fibular) n

Front 27

peroneus brevis

Back 27

o: lat surface of shaft of gibula
i: tuberosity of fifth metatarsal base
a: plantarflexes and pronates (everts) the foot
n: superficial peroneal (fibular) n

Front 28

gastrocnemius

Back 28

o: medial head - medial condyle of femur
lateral head - lateral condyle of femur
i: posterior surface of calcaneus
a: flexes the leg, plantarflexes foot
n: tibial

Front 29

soleus

Back 29

o: post surface of shaft of tibia and fibula
i: post surface of calcaneus
a: plantarflexes foot
n: tibial

Front 30

popliteus

Back 30

o: ckc - post surface of shaft of tibia
a: unlocks knee joint at beginning of flexion
i: tibial
[only crosses knee join]

Front 31

flexor digitorum longus

Back 31

o: post surface of shaft of tibia
i: distal phalanges of lesser digits
a: plantarflexes the lesser digits and the foot
i: tibial

Front 32

tibialis post

Back 32

o: post surface of shaft of tibia and fibula
i: tuberosity of navicular (medial side of foot)
a: Supinates and plantarflexes foot
i: tibial

Front 33

flexor hallucis longus

Back 33

o: post surface of shaft of fibula
i: distal phlanx of hallux
a: plantarflexes hallux and foot
i: tibial

Front 34

anterior compartment syndrome

Back 34

inc pressure w/in ant compartment of leg, compresses nerve and vascular supply to the muscles.
-> foot drop, loss of sensation in first web space

Front 35

shin splints

Back 35

inflammation of periosteum at origin of tib ant or tib post

Front 36

rupture of tendo calcaneus

Back 36

popping sound and inability to stand on tips of toes are common signs. usually occurs 1 or 2 inchies proximal to attachment on calcaneus

Front 37

the ___ vein goes ___ to the medial malleolus

Back 37

great saphenous, anterior

Front 38

what travels with the small saphenous vein?

Back 38

sural n

Front 39

what travels with the great sapenous veing?

Back 39

saphenous n (and it goes cutaneous in the leg region)

Front 40

what travels with the post tib a?

Back 40

tibial n

Front 41

where do the plantar aa come from?

Back 41

the post tib a goes deep to the flexor retinaculum where it divides into medial and lateral plantar aa.

Front 42

what are the major branches of the peroneal a?

Back 42

perforating arterY - thru interosseus to ankle

peroneal a can take over supply to dorsum of foot

Front 43

what supplies cutaneous innervation in between big toe and next to it?

Back 43

deep peroneal
loss of sensation -> ant comp synd

Front 44

what supplies cutaneous innervation to the inside of leg?

Back 44

saphenous n

Front 45

what supplies cutaneous innervation on lateral-back side of lower leg?

Back 45

sural n

Front 46

what supplis cutaneous innervation to dorsal side of most of toes and front-lateral part of leg?

Back 46

superficial peroneal

Front 47

tarsal tunnel syndrome

Back 47

entrapment or compression neuropathy of the tibial n or one of its branches (medial or lateral plantar) as they go beneath the flexor retinaculum

Front 48

injust to the commone peroneal (common gibular) n at neck of fibula results in?

Back 48

foot drop, foot slap, dragging of toes when walking

Front 49

what is the only intrisinc m on the dorsum of foot?

Back 49

extensor digitorum brevis
(its 1st tendon can be called extensor hallucis brevis)

Front 50

where are the pads of the foot? what are they formed from?

Back 50

superficial fascia at the calcaneal tuberosity, metatarsal heads, and distal phalanges
(weight bearing places)

Front 51

the deep fascia of the foot is also called..

Back 51

the plantar aponeurosis

Front 52

where does the plantar aponeurosis attach?

Back 52

the central portion attaches to the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity

Front 53

what are the muscles in the 1st plantar layer?

Back 53

abductor hallucis
flexor dgitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi

Front 54

what are the muscles in the 2nd plantar layer?

Back 54

quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius)
lumbircales (4)

?2 external ones?

Front 55

what are the muscles in the 3rd plantar layer?

Back 55

flexor hallucis brevis (2 heads)
adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique heads)
flexor digiti minimi brevis

tendons of peroneus longus and tibialis post course in this layer

Front 56

what are the muscles in the 4th plantar layer?

Back 56

plantar interossei (3, they adduct (none on 2, on medial side of 3,4,5))
dorsal interossei (4, they abduct (2 on 2, and lateral side of 3,4))

Front 57

what is the course of the dorsalis pedis a?

Back 57

begins at articular capsule (is a continuation of ant tib a), courses to proximal aspect of first interspace, terminates by dividing into 1st dorsal metatarsal a and deep plantar a

tendon of ext hall long is medial to it

gives off deep plantar a, arcuate a, 1st dorsal metatarsal a...

Front 58

what is the vascularization of the dorsum of foot?

Back 58

arcuate artery gives off 2nd, 3rd, 4th dorsal metatarsal aa (first is off of dorsalis pedis)
dorsal metatarsal aa (1,2,3,4) give off dorsal proper digital aa to digits (2 to each)

Front 59

how is the plantar surface of the foot vascularized?

Back 59

medial and lateral plantar aa (branches of the post tib a)

Front 60

what is the main cutaenous innervation across the toes?

Back 60

L5

Front 61

what does the deep peroneal n innervate in the foot?

Back 61

extensor digitorum brevis

Front 62

what does the medial plantar n innervate in the foot?

Back 62

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
flexor hallucis brevis
1st lumbrical

Front 63

what does the lateral plantar n innervate in the foot?

Back 63

abductor digiti minimi
quadratus plantae
2-4 lumbricals
adductor hallucis
flexor diiti minimi
1-4 dorsal interossei
1-3 plantar interossei

Front 64

what is responsible for the tendo calcaneus reflex?

Back 64

the achicilles/triceps surae reflex
S1