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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the national society, when was it founded, who was in it and what were their beliefs? |
A group promoting the cause of national unity, founded in 1856 and full of a range of people from Mazzinians to monarchists, including Manin and Garibaldi, who believed unification would come under the leadership of the Piedmontese monarchy |
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What was Cavour's involvement with the national society? |
Met with Garibaldi to discuss war with Austria and Manin to discuss Italian unification, though Cavour was sceptical. These meetings happened in 1856 |
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What pro-Italian things did Napoleon III do? |
Participated in uprising in Papal states in 1831, grateful to Piedmont for support in Crimean war, close working relationship with Cavour after Congress of Paris maintained through intermediaries |
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Why else was Louis Napoleon III pro-Italy? |
Saw it as his duty to expand France, possibly into Sardinian-controlled Savoy and Nice, as payment for helping to expel Austria; possibly wanting Piedmont to be a client state to expand French influence; wary of Catholic opinion (sent troops in 1849); envisaged a federation with Pope at its head, and could have family members appointed to kingdoms in central and southern Italy |
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What happened on the 14th of January 1858 and what was its aftermath? |
Attempted assassination of Napoleon III by Count Orsini to provoke a French repubic sympathetic to Italian republican cause; failed and from prison cell Orsini addresses Napoleon III in letter dated 11 February 1858 about Italian unity, triggering Plombieres either as cover for hard-nosed bargaining or as a spark which lead Napoleon III to action |
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Why did Napoleon call Plombieres? |
Ensure no assassination attempts against him by pressuring Cavour into introducing repressive measures against violent nationalists; finding a wife for Jerome Bonaparte; Cavour and Napoleon wanted war with Austria for different reasons: to remove Austrian influence from northern Italy or to gain territory/ improve relations with Austria respectively |
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What was Plombieres? |
Meeting where France agreed to support Piedmont in war with Austria (in 1858) |
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What were the key points of Plombieres? |
Kingdom of Upper Italy ruled by Piedmont, including Venetia, Lombardy, Parma and Modena; Kingdom of Italy ruled by Tuscany, including Papal land and Umbria; Rome would be left to Pope who would head an Italian confederation; Naples would be left alone to appease the Tsar; 200,000 French troops would be provided in return for Savoy and Nice (Cavour did not want to hand over Nice so took until January 1859); Jerome Napoleon would marry Victor Emmanuel II's daughter |
