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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Deglutition
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Swallowing.
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Lipase
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Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.
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Stomach
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Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. It is divided into the fundus, body, and antrum (distal portion).
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Esophagus
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Tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
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Enzyme
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A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes help in the breakdown of complex foods to simpler foods.
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Palate
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Roof of the mouth. The hard palate is anterior to the soft palate.
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Glucose
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Simple sugar.
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Fatty acids
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Substances produced when fats are digested.
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Triglycerides
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Large fat molecules composed of three molecules of fatty acids with one molecule of glycerol.
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Parotid gland
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Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear.
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Liver
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A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. The normal adult liver weighs
2.5 - 3 lbs. |
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Common bile duct
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Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
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Uvula
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Soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth.
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Pharynx
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Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose.
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Gallbladder
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Small sac under the liver, stores bile.
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Digestion
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Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.
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Peristalsis
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Rhythm-like contractions of the tubes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other tubular structures. Peristalsis moves the contents through the GI tract at different rates; stomach (0.5 to 2 hours), small intestine (2 to 6 hours), and colon (6-72 hours).
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Ileum
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Third part of the small intestine.
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Duodenum
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First part of the small intestine. Duo=2, den=10, the duodenum measures 12 inches in length.
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Pyloric sphincter
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Ring of muscle at the distal region of the stomach, where it joins the duodenum.
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Alimentary Canal
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The digestive tract (canal); aliment means food.
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ABSORPTION
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Passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream.
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Villi
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Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
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Dentin
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Major tissue composing teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.
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Mastication
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Chewing
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Pulp
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Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.
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Proteases
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Enzymes that digest protein.
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Portal vein
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Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestine.
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Hydrochloric acid
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Substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food.
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Amylase
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Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.
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Colon
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Large intestine; cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, and rectum.
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Rectum
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Last section of the colon.
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Rugae
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Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
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Amino Acids
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Small substances that are the building blocks of proteins and are produced when proteins are digested.
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Jejunum
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Second part of the small intestine.
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Enamel
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Hard, outermost layer of a tooth.
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Anus
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Opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.
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Papillae
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Small elevations on the tongue.
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Bilirubin
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Pigment released by the liver in bile; produced from the destruction of hemoglobin, a blood protein (-globin). In the intestine, bilirubin is degraded by bacteria to a variety of pigments that give stool (feces) its brown color.
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Insulin
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Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar into cells from the blood and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.
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Emulsification
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Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thus increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.
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Lower esophageal sphincter
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Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called cardiac sphincter.
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Saliva
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Digestive juice produced by salivary glands.
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Appendix
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Blind pouch hanging from the first part of the colon (cecum). It literally means hanging (pend/o) on (ap-). Usually found in the RLQ.
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Bile
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Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts.
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Salivary glands
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Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.
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Glycogen
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Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.
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Bowel
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Intestine.
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Cecum
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First part of the large intestine.
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Sigmoid colon
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Lower part of the colon; shaped like an S.
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Canine teeth
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Pointed, dog-like (canine) teeth, next to (distal to) the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth.
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Incisor
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One of four front teeth in the dental arch.
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Sphincter
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Ring of muscles within a tube.
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Pancreas
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Organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods).
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