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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are primary tumours more common in liver or metastatic tumours?
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Metastatic tumours
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What is the most common benign primary liver tumour?
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Haemangioma
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Why is hepatic adenoma clinically impt?
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It may be mistaken for primary or secondary liver carcinoma
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What is the risk factor for hepatic adenoma?
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Anabolic steroids (OCP)
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Where is hepatocellular carcinoma and why?
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SE Asia/Africa - higher incidence of cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis
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Causes of hepatocellular carcinoma
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HBV
Cirrhosis |
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How does hepatocellular carcinoma present?
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High incidence area - presents with cirrhosis in young px
Low incidence - decompensation of cirrhosis |
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How is hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed?
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Alpha-fetoprotein
Clinically, radiologically |
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What is cholangiocarcinoma?
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Bile duct adenocarcinoma (intrahepatic + extrahepatic)
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What is Klatskin tumour?
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Cholangiocarcinoma of CHD
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Epidemiology of pancreatic carcinoma
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- Adenocarcinoma
- 5th/6th cancer deaths - M>F - 80% >60 yrs 60-70% from head |
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Risk factors of pancreatic carci
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smoking
DM chronic pancreatitis |
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Presentation of pancreatic carcinoma
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Anorexia, weight loss
Painless obstructive jaundice (tumours in the head) Later: abdominal pain radiating to the back Migratory thrombophelbitis (Trosseau's sign) |
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What serum marker used for pancreatic cancer?
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CA 19-9
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Prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma
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Poor. 5 year survival <2%
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Treatment of pancreatic cancer
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Pancreatico-duodenectomy (Whipple's op)
Majority: palliation (stenting) |
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What is the mechanism of paracetamol toxicity?
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Metabolism of therapeutic doses of paracetamol:
- 90% conjugated for excretion - 5% excreted unchanged - 5% form toxic NAPQI which is made non-reactive In overdose: more metabolised to NAPQI Glutathione (which neutralise NAPQI) stores depleted -> NAPQI accumulates Lead to FHF |
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How do you treat paracetamol toxicity?
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<4h: charcoal
<10h: N-acetylcysteine (replenish glutathione stores) |
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What is the Budd-Chiari syndrome?
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Thrombosis of hepatic vein
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what is Reye's syndrome?
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Acute liver failure and cerebral oedema in children after administration of salicylates.
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