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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Large lipoprotein in small intestine that transports exogenous(dietary) lipids to adipose tissue to be broken down by lipoprotein lipase.
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Chylomicron
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Lipoprotein that transports endogenous triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol and cholesteryl esters. It functions as the body's internal transport mechanism for lipids.
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Very Low Density Lipoprotein(VLDL)
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Lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues. LDL also regulates cholesterol synthesis at these sites.
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Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)
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Lipoprotein that carry fatty acids and cholesterol from the body's tissues to the liver.
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High Density Lipoprotein(HDL)
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Friedewald equation
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IN MG/DL: LDL = TOTAL CHOLESTEROL - HDL - (0.2 * TRIGLYCERIDES)
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End result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) with oxygen and nutrients.
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Coronary Artery Disease
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Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors
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Hypercholesterolemia, Smoking, HTN, Diabetes, Type A Personality, Hemostatic Factors, Hereditary Differences in Lipoproteins.
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Lipid Type
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Sterol Derivative: Cholesterol, Steroid, Bile Acid, Vitamin D.
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Lipid Type
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Fatty Acid: Short, medium, or long chain. Prostaglandin.
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Lipid Type
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Glycerol Ester: Tryglyceride, Phosphoglyceride.
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Lipid Type
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Sphigosine Derivative: Sphigomyelin, Glycosphingolipid.
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Lipid Type
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Terpene: Vitamin A, E, K.
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Cholesterol
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Body: 85%, Dietary: 15%.
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Cholesterol
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Sterol ring: Estrogen, Progesterone, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Testosterone, Vitamin D.
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Cholesterol
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Precursor to Steroid Hormone.
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Cholesterol
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Transported by LDL to/into cells.
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Cholesterol
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Transported by HDL out of cells.
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Triglyceride
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Glycerol Backbone with 3 Fatty Acid Chains.
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Triglyceride
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Primary Form of Lipid Storage
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Triglyceride
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Transported by Chylomicron(exogenous) and VLDL(endogenous).
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Lipoprotein
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Plasma protein that transports insoluble lipid.
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Lipoprotein
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Formed in Liver: LDL(60-70%), VLDL(20-35%), HDL(20-35%).
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Apolipoprotein
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Protein portion of lipoprotein.
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Apolipoprotein A.
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Major protein of HDL.
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Apolipoprotein B.
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Major protein of LDL. Minor protein of VLDL and chylomicron.
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Apolipoprotein C.
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Major protein of VLDL and chlylomicron. Minor protein of HDL and LDL.
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Lipid Specimen Collection
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12-14 hour fasting time, Serum preferred, No alcohol 48 hours, Normal Diet 7 Days.
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Triglyceride Range
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Male: 40-160 mg/dl. Female: 35-135 mg/dl.
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Increased Tryglyceride
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Hyperlipoproteinemia I, IIB, III, IV, AND B. Liver Disease and Alcoholism, Renal Disease, Hypothyroidism, Diabetes, Pancreatitis, Pregnancy, and Oral contraceptive.
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Cholesterol Range Adult
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Normal: 140-199 mg/dl, Borderline: 200-239 mg/dl, High: >239 mg/dl.
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Cholesterol Range Children
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Normal: <170 mg/dl, High: >200 mg/dl.
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HDL Range
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Male: 37-70 mg/dl, Female: 40-85 mg/dl.
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HDL Range for CHD risk
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<25 mg/dl.
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Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
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Low to Moderate risk: Men- 3.4-9.5. Female- 3.2-7.0. High risk: Men->23.9. Female->11.0.
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LDL Range(mg/dl)
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Optimal: <100. Above Optimal: 100-129. Borderline high: 130-159. High: 160-189. Very high: >190.
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Treatment Step 1
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Measure TC, LDL, HDL, and Triglyceride.
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Treatment Step 2
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Determine if CAD is present.
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Treatment Step 3
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Identify CAD risk factors.
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Treatment Step 4
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If => 2 Major risk factors present, calculate 10 year risk.
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Modifyable Risk factors that Modify LDL goals
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Cigarette smoking, HTN(SP>140/90 mm Hg or on antiHTN drug, Family History of CHD(Men:<45 year and Women<65 year, Age(Men>45 year and Women>55 year)(HDL>60 mg/dl).
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CHD and CHD risk equivalent
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LDL GOAL <100
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Multiple(2+) risk factors
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LDL GOAL<130
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Zero to One risk factor
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LDL Goal<160
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Very High risk
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LDL Goal<70
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LDL/HDL ratio
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High risk: Men>7.9, Women>6.1.
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Apo. A1 deficiency
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Premature cardiovascular disease.
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Apo. B deficiency
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Important in LDL catabolism. Associated w/failure to thrive, steatorrhea, malabsorption, etc.
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Apo A1/Apo B ratio > 1.32
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Better indicator than cholesterol level, or HDL and LDL levels. Decreased Apo A1 in smoking and oral contraceptive use.
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Lipoprotein electrophoresis
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Evaluation of hyperlipidemia, Lipid Phenotype, Chylomicron, Beta or LDL, Prebeta or VLDL, Alpha or HDL.
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Fredrickson Phenotype I
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Elevated Lipoprotein: Chylomicron. Elevated Lipid: Triglyceride.
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Fredrickson Phenotype IIa
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Elevated Lipoprotein: LDL. Elevated Lipid: Cholesterol.
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Fredrickson Phenotype IIb
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Elevated Lipoprotein: LDL and VLDL. Elevated Lipid: Triglyceride and Cholesterol.
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Fredrickson Phenotype III
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Elevated Lipoprotein: VLDL and Chylomicron. Elevated Lipid: Triglyceride and Cholesterol.
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Fredrickson Phenotype IV
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Elevated Lipoprotein: VLDL. Elevated Lipid: Triglyceride.
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Fredrickson Phenotype V
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Elevated Lipoprotein: VLDL and Chylomicron. Elevated Lipid: Triglyceride and Cholesterol.
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