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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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descriptive grammar
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concerned with actual language use; created by linguists as a model of speaker's linguistic competence
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prescriptive grammar
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usage in social conventions, language etiquette; not actual use of language itself, but how one should use it
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phonetics
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study of speech sounds; the individual discrete sounds of which languages are composed
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discreteness
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speech sounds that can be segmented into identifiable "pieces" that recur' psychological reality
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phonology
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study of sound system of a language; concerns itself with sounds that change meaning in a particular language
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allophone
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any sound that can be explained; predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme
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phoneme
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sound that is unpredictable; makes a difference in meaning; must be included in alphabet; native speakers pay attention to it
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morphology
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study of words and the rules by which words are formed
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morpheme
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smallest phonological unit that recurs with constant meaning; single irreducible meaningful piece; minimal linguistic sign
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arbitrariness
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term used to refer to the fact that a word's meaning is not predictable from its linguistic from, not is its form dictated by its meaning; in other words, form and meaning in language are arbitrarily related
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language
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system that relates sounds and meaning in an arbitrary fashion
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grammar
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set of elements and rules that make up a language
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competence
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"hidden" knowledge: what you know when you know a language
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performance
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we learn about a speaker's competence by observinc their performance in speech; observable use of language
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articulatory phonetics
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study of the pronunciation of speech sounds
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derivational bound morpheme
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changes meaning or syntactic class
kind-unkind kind-kindness |
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inflectional bound morpheme
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indicates things like tense, case, number, gender
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"etic" vs. "emic"
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outsider's vs. insider's perspective
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2 ways to classify vowels
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high/low
front/back |
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3 ways to classify consonants
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voicing
place of articulation manner of articulation |
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word
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no good definition
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free/content morpheme
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can be words by themselves (compound words) carry meanign are interchangeable, open class (CDs FURFed, dear)
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bound/function morpheme
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indicate syntactic functions or relationships, closed class, affixes, must be attached to a free morpheme (of, and, or)
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