Light

Front 1

Light

Back 1

Laws of reflection:

The first law of reflection states that the incident ray, reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie on the same plane

The second law of relection states tht the angle of incidence i is equal to the angle of reflection r.

Front 2

Chracteristic of a plane mirror image

Laterally inverted

Same size

Upright

Virtual

Equal distance

Back 2

Refraction:

Light travels at different speeds in different transparent mediums

When light travels from air to water, tis speed changed

This change in speed causes the light ray to bend.

Front 3

Laws of refraction:

The first law of refection states that the incident ray, refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.

The second law of refection states that, for two give media, the ratio of the sine pf the angle of incidence i to the sine of the angle of refraction r is a constant.

Back 3

Refractive index:

The refractive index of a medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium.

Front 4

Total internal reflection can occur when light passes from an optically denser medium to a less dense medium.

For it to occur, light must be travelling from a denser medium to less dense and the incidence angle msgt be larger than the critical angle.

Back 4

Total internal reflection: the angle of incidence in an optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the less dense medium is 90 degree.

Front 5

Focal point F is the distance between the optical centre C and the focal point F.

Back 5

u>2f: inverted, real and diminished for camera

u=2f: inverted real and same size for photocopier

f<u<2f: inverted real and magnified for projector

u=f: for spotlight

u< magnifying glass