Lens Pathology

Front 1

Difference between primary and secondary congenital aphakia

Back 1

Primary results from failed induction of the surface ectoderm during embryogenesis (PAX6 mutation, severe developmental abnormalities) whereas secondary results from resorption or extrusion of the lens before or during birth (congenital infections e.g. rubella)

Front 2

Ocular and systemic features of Alport syndrome

Back 2

Ocular: Anterior or posterior lenticonus, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, anterior polar cataract, dot and fleck retinopathy retinal and iris neovascularization; Systemic: Haemorrhagic nephritis, deafness

Front 3

Systemic associations of posterior lenticonus

Back 3

Alport syndrome, oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe

Front 4

Features of the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe

Back 4

Systemic acidosis, renal rickets, hypotonia, posterior lenticonus and congenital cataracts

Front 5

Histological features of phacoanaphylactic uveitis

Back 5

Zonal granuloma (central nidus of degenerating lens material surrounded by concentric layers of inflammatory cells: inner layer of multinucleated giant cells and neutrophils, intermediate layer of lymphocytes and plasma cells, outer layer of fibrovascular connective tissue)

Front 6

Identify this clinical sign

Back 6

Oil droplet reflex (anterior and posterior lenticonus)

Front 7

Identify this clinical sign and describe its histology

Back 7

Glaukomflecken: patches of white dots below the lens capsule, focal areas of necrotic lens epithelial cells

Front 8

Identify the pathology and describe its histology

Back 8

Anterior subcapsular fibrous plaque: metaplastic transformation into fibroblast-like cells

Front 9

Identify the pathology and describe its histology

Back 9

Posterior subcapsular cataract: epithelial disarray at the equator, posterior migration of the lens epithelial with enlargement to form bladder cells of Wedl

Front 10

Risk factors for posterior subcapsular cataract

Back 10

Chronic intraocular inflammation, diabetes mellitus, ionizing radiation exposure, smoking, prolonged corticosteroid use

Front 11

Identify the pathology and describe its histology

Back 11

Elschnig pearls: collections of proliferating epithelial cells

Front 12

Identify the pathology and describe its histology

Back 12

Soemmering ring: sequestration of proliferating lens fibers in the equatorial region

Front 13

Morgagnian globules

Back 13

Eosinophilic bodies that accumulate in slitlike spaces between the lens fibers in cortical degeneration

Front 14

Identify this pathology

Back 14

Morgagnian cataract

Front 15

Risk factor for exfoliation of the lens capsule

Back 15

Prolonged ocular exposure to infrared radiation (glass and steel workers)

Front 16

Describe these clinical signs

Back 16

Central disc: thin, homogeneous white central deposit on the anterior lens capsule, inrolled edge surrounded by a relatively clear zone; Peripheral band: coarse, granular, “hoarfrost” material on the outer third of the anterior lens surface (pseudoexfoliation syndrome)

Front 17

Describe corneal endothelial changes in PEX

Back 17

Naumann's sign: small flakes or clumps of pseudoexfoliative material (PEXM) and usually a diffuse, nonspecic melanin pigment deposition on the corneal endothelial surface and reduced endothelial density, polymegathism, pleomorphism, endothelial cell damage, cell detritus, intraendothelial inclusions, and retroendothelial accumulations