Lecture Exam Iii

Front 1

There are ___ number of cranial nerves and ____ number of spinal nerves.

Back 1

12, 31

Front 2

Cranial Nerves I-VI

Back 2

I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens

Front 3

Cranial Nerves VII - XII

Back 3

VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

Front 4

The _____ nerve is associated with smell and contains _____ nerve fibers. It originates from the _____.

Back 4

Olfactory
Sensory
Forebrain

Front 5

The _____ nerve transmits visual impulses from the retina to the thalamus. It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the _____.

Back 5

Optic
Sensory
Forebrain

Front 6

The _____ means "eye mover" and contains _____ nerve fibers. It originates in the _____.

Back 6

Oculomotor
Motor
Midbrain

Front 7

The ____ nerve means "pulley" and innervates an extrinsic eye muscle. It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the ____.

Back 7

Trochlear
Motor
Dorsal midbrain

Front 8

The _____ nerve supplies _____ fibers to the face and _____ fibers to the chewing muscles. It originates in the _____.

Back 8

Trigeminal
sensory
motor
Pons

Front 9

The _____ nerve controls extrinsic eye muscles. It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the _____.

Back 9

Abducens
Motor
Pons

Front 10

The _____ nerve innervates the muscles of facial expressions. It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the _____. _____ ______ disease is associated with this nerve.

Back 10

Facial
Pons
Mixed
Bell's palsy

Front 11

The _____ nerve is associated with hearing and balance. It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the _____.

Back 11

Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
Pons

Front 12

The _____ nerve means "tongue and pharynx". It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the _____.

Back 12

Glossopharyngeal
Mixed
Medulla oblongota

Front 13

The _____ nerve means"wanderer" or "vagabond" and is the only cranial nerve that extend beyond the head and neck. It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the _____.

Back 13

Vagus
Mixed
Medulla

Front 14

The _____ nerve is associated with the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the _____.

Back 14

Accessory
Motor
spinal rootlets from the cervical spine

Front 15

The _____ nerve means under the tongue. It contains _____ nerve fibers and originates in the _____.

Back 15

Hypoglossal
Motor
Madulla

Front 16

The ______ _______ re-enters the vertebral canal innervate the ______ and blood vessels.

Back 16

Menigeal branch
meninges

Front 17

The _____ nerve supplies motor and sensory fibers to the ______ which controls ______.

Back 17

Phrenic
diaphragm
breathing

Front 18

The _____ nerve receives fibers from C3, C4, and C5.

Back 18

Phrenic

Front 19

____ is when the upper eyelid droops.

Back 19

Ptosis

Front 20

______ ______ is when the eye cannot be moved up, down, or inward, and at rest eye rotates laterally. Caused by _____ nerve paralysis.

Back 20

External strabismus
Oculomotor

Front 21

Post ganglionic axons forming the ____ ______ are not myelinated.

Back 21

gray rami

Front 22

Postganglionc axons enter the ventral ramus of the adjoining spinal nerve by ____ ______ ______, then travel to their effectors (glands and arrector pili).

Back 22

Gray rami communicantes

Front 23

______ fibers emerge from the brain and sacral spinal cord.

Back 23

Parasympathetic

Front 24

______ fibers originate in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.

Back 24

Sympathetic

Front 25

The parasympathetic division has _____ preganglionic and _____ postganglionic fibers.

Back 25

Long
Short

Front 26

_____ nerves are made of preganglionic fibers. Synapse in ______ or _____ ganglia located anterior to the vertebral column.

Back 26

Splanchnic
collateral
prevertebral

Front 27

______, ______, and _____ are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Back 27

ophthalimic, maxillary, and mandibular

Front 28

The ______ division conveys sensory impulses from skin of anterior scalp, upper eyelid, and nose.

Back 28

Ophthalmic

Front 29

The _____ division conveys sensory impulses from nasal cavity, palate, upper teeth, skin of cheek, upper lip, and lower eyelid.

Back 29

Maxillary

Front 30

The _____ division conveys sensory impulses from anterior tongue, lower teeth, skin of chin.

Back 30

Mandibular

Front 31

The _____ ______ gives rise to virtually all the nerves that innervate the upper limb.

Back 31

brachial plexus

Front 32

The _____ ______ is formed by intermixing of ventral rami of C5-C8 and most of T1.

Back 32

brachial plexus

Front 33

The brachial plexus has four major groups: ____ form ____ which form ____ which form _____.

Back 33

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords

Front 34

The _____ nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles and the skin and joint capsules of the shoulder.

Back 34

Axillary

Front 35

The _____ nerve provides motor fibers to thebiceps bracii and brachialis muscles.

Back 35

Musculocutaneous

Front 36

The _____ nerve descends through the arm to the anterior forearm. It innervates five intrinsic muscles of the lateral palm.

Back 36

Median

Front 37

___ ___ ___ control locomotion and other specific and oft-repeated motor activities.

Back 37

Central pattern generators

Front 38

The ____ _____ is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves.

Back 38

Cervical plexus

Front 39

Branches of the _____ plexus transmit sensory impulses from the skin of the neck, the ear area, the back of the head, and the shoulder.

Back 39

Cervical

Front 40

The ____ ____ arises from the spinal nerves L1-L4.

Back 40

Lumbar plexus

Front 41

The branches of the _____ plexus innervate parts of the abdominal wall muscles and major branches descend to the innervate the anterior and medial thigh.

Back 41

Lumbar

Front 42

The ____ _____ arises from spinal nerves L5 - S4.

Back 42

Sacral Plexus

Front 43

The _____ nerve is the largest branch of the sacral plexus.

Back 43

Sciatic

Front 44

The _____ nerve consists of the ____ and _____ _____ nerve, wrapped in a common sheath.

Back 44

Sciatic, tibial, common fibular

Front 45

The _____ nerve originates from L2-L4.

Back 45

Femoral

Front 46

The motor branch of the _____ nerve innervates anterior ____ muscles and the cutaneous branch serves skin of the ____ and medial surface of the leg from ____ to _____.

Back 46

Femoral
Thigh
Thigh
knee
Foot

Front 47

The _____ ______ makes sure that the muscle stays at that length.

Back 47

stretch reflex

Front 48

The ____-____ reflex helps keep your knees from buckling when standing up right.

Back 48

knee-jerk

Front 49

The _____ nerve innervates posterior muscles of the leg, posterior skin of the calf and sole of the foot.

Back 49

Tibial

Front 50

The ____ nerve is the cause of the saying 'funny bone'.

Back 50

Ulnar

Front 51

____'s _____ states: any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint and the skin over the joint.

Back 51

Hilton's Law

Front 52

______ respond to chemicals in solution.

Back 52

Chemoreceptors

Front 53

______ are sensitive to stimuli arising outside the body, located near the body's surface.

Back 53

Exteroceptors

Front 54

______ include touch, pressure, pain, and temperature receptors and special receptors.

Back 54

Exteroceptors

Front 55

_____ respond to stimuli within the body.

Back 55

Interoceptors

Front 56

______ monitor chemical changes, tissue stretch, and temperature. Sometimes cause pain, discomfort, hunger, or thirst.

Back 56

Interoceptors

Front 57

_____ respond to internal stimuli with restricted locations. Occur in the skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, and ligaments.

Back 57

Proprioceptors

Front 58

_____ advise the brain of our body movements by monitoring how much the organs containing these receptors are stretched.

Back 58

Proprioceptors

Front 59

____ respond to potentially damaging stimuli that results in pain. For example, searing heat.

Back 59

Nociceptors

Front 60

____'s _____ are small encapsulated receptors in which a few spiraling sensory terminals are surrounded by Schwann cells.

Back 60

Meissner's corpuscles

Front 61

____'s _____ are found just beneath the epidermis in the dermal papillae and are numerous in sensitive and hairless areas (nipples, fingertips, and soles of feet)

Back 61

Meissner's corpuscles

Front 62

Perceptual level neurons synapse in the ______.

Back 62

Thalamus

Front 63

____ _____ is when the great toe dorsiflexes and the smaller toes fan laterally

Back 63

Babinski's sign

Front 64

The process in which stimulus energy is converted into the energy of a graded potential is called ______.

Back 64

Transduction

Front 65

The cell bodies of the ganglionic neurons are in the ____ _____ within the eye orbits.

Back 65

ciliary ganglion

Front 66

The _____ ______ are motor ganglia, containing cell bodies of motor neurons.

Back 66

autonomic ganglia

Front 67

_____ _____ are the sites of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to ganglionic neurons.

Back 67

autonomic ganglia

Front 68

The _____ nervous system stimulates skeletal muscles.

Back 68

somatic

Front 69

The _____ nervous system innervates cardiac and smooth muscles and glands.

Back 69

Autonomic

Front 70

_____ _____ fibers are typically thick, heavily myelinated group A fibers that conduct nerve impulses rapidly.

Back 70

somatic motor

Front 71

In the somatic nervous system, the motor neuron cell bodies are in the ____, and their axons extend down the _____ or _____ nerves all the way to the skeletal muscles they activate.

Back 71

CNS, spinal, cranial

Front 72

The _____ nervous system uses a two-neuron chain to its effectors.

Back 72

autonomic

Front 73

In the ANS, cell bodies of the first neuron (____ _____) reside in the brain or spinal cord.

Back 73

preganglionic neuron

Front 74

The preganglionic neuron's axon synapses with the second motor neuron in an _____ _____, outside the CNS.

Back 74

autonomic ganglion

Front 75

The _____ _____ extends to the effector organ.

Back 75

Postganglionic axon

Front 76

The _____ nervous system lacks ganglia entirely.

Back 76

somatic

Front 77

The _____ and _____ divisions make up the ANS.

Back 77

parasympathetic, sympathetic

Front 78

The _____ division of the ANS is sometimes referred to as 'housekeeping'.

Back 78

parasympathetic

Front 79

The parasympathetic is the 'D' division: _____, ______, and _____.

Back 79

digestion, defecation, diuresis

Front 80

The sympathetic division is the 'E' division: _____, _____, _____, and _____)

Back 80

exercise, emergency, excitement, and embarrassment

Front 81

The _____ division of the ANS is referred to as the 'figh-or-flight' division.

Back 81

sympathetic

Front 82

_____ reflexes activate the skeletal muscles.

Back 82

somatic

Front 83

_____ reflexes activate smooth or cardiac muscles or glands (_____ effectors).

Back 83

visceral, visceral

Front 84

Parasympathetic fibers emerge from the _____ and _____ spinal cord.

Back 84

brain, sacral

Front 85

Sympathetic fibers originate in the _____region of the spinal cord.

Back 85

thoracolumbar

Front 86

The parasympathetic fibers of the _____ nerves innervate smooth muscles in the eyes causing the pupils to constrict and lenses to bulge - focusing.

Back 86

Oculomotor

Front 87

The parasympathetic fibers of the _____ nerves stimulate many large glands in the head.

Back 87

Facial

Front 88

The parasympathetic fibers in the _____ nerve activate the salivary glands.

Back 88

Glossopharyngeal

Front 89

The _____ _____ connects the preganlionic sympathetic fibers to the sympathetic trunk gaanglion.

Back 89

white rami

Front 90

The somatic system (sensory) contains: _____ level, _____ level, and _____ level.

Back 90

Receptor
Circuit
Perceptual

Front 91

Transduction occurs when _____ energy is converted into the energy of a _____ _____.

Back 91

Stimulus
Graded Potential

Front 92

_____ nerves contain both sensory and motor fibers.

Back 92

Mixed nerves

Front 93

_____ nerves transmit impulses both to and from the CNS.

Back 93

Mixed nerves

Front 94

_____ (_____) nerves carry impulses toward the CNS.

Back 94

sensory (afferent)

Front 95

_____ (_____) nerves carry impulses away from the CNS.

Back 95

Motor (efferent)

Front 96

_____ are a collection of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves of the PNS.

Back 96

Ganglia

Front 97

_____ _____ occurs when the axon and its myelin sheath distal to the injury site begin to disintegrate because they cannot receive nutrients from the cell body.

Back 97

Wallerian degeneration

Front 98

_____ _____ aid in the regeneration of axons.

Back 98

Schwann cells

Front 99

Axons regenerate at the rate of ____ mm a day.

Back 99

1.5

Front 100

Preganglionic fibers composing the ____ rami are _____.

Back 100

White
myelinated

Front 101

Postganlionic axons forming the _____ rami are _____.

Back 101

Gray
unmyelinated