Lecture 8 - Chapter 9 Controlling Microbial Growth

Front 1

Killing Microorganisms: Fomites

Back 1

Objectsthat is capable of carrying organisms

Hint 1

Tables, computers, doorknobes and US

Front 2

Killing Microorganisms: Sterilization

Back 2

Processthat destroys all organisms and infective agents on a fomite

Hint 2

Kills everything

Front 3

Killing Microorganisms: Disinfection

Back 3

Processof using antimicrobial agents on non-living objects to kill microorganisms on afomite

Hint 3

Doesn't kill everything

Front 4

Killing Microorganisms:Pasteurization

Back 4

Process of using heat to decrease the amount of pathogenic microorganismstml>dc8

Hint 4

Beer & Wine

Front 5

Killing Microorganisms:

Antiseptics

Back 5

Antimicrobial agents that are applied to the skin

Hint 5

chemicals safe enough to be used on skin

Front 6

Killing Microorganisms: Bacteriostatic

Back 6

Solutions that are over-diluted may be ineffective

Hint 6

Limiting bacteria from growing

Front 7

Killing Microorganisms:Bactericidal

Back 7

Solutions are under-diluted may leave toxic residues that are harmful to humans whom come in contact with them

Hint 7

Homicidal

Front 8

Mechanismsof Action of Anti-Microbial Agents

Back 8

•Cellwalls & cell membrane •Protein = Enzymes, Channels

•Nucleicacid = DNA, RNA Protein Denature

Hint 8

Front 9

Physical Methods of ControllingMicroorganisms

Back 9

•Heat denatures proteins & destroys cellmembranes

•Moist heat

•Boiling - vapor pressure

•Autoclave

Hint 9

Heat is the common used method

Front 10

Moist heat

Back 10

Disinfection, pasteurization,sterilization

Hint 10

Proteins denatures faster in solution

Front 11

Pasteurization

Back 11

•Process of using heat to decrease the amount of pathogenic microorganism

•Different temperatures & duration fordifferent foods

Front 12

Pasteurization: High Temperature, Short Time

Back 12

Heat liquid to 72℃ for 15 seconds

Front 13

Pasteurization: Ultra-Heat Treating

Back 13

Heat to 140℃ for 4 seconds

Front 14

Filtration: HEPA

Back 14

•High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance

•Filter bacteria and viruses

•Meshwork of randomly arrangedfibers

Hint 14

Hospital uses them a lot

Front 15

Filtration

Back 15

Mechanical separation of solid from afluid

Front 16

Ionizing radiation

Back 16

•Sufficient energy to eject electrons from atoms when the radiation hits amolecule

•Causes direct damage to cell membranes, DNA

Hint 16

Short wavelength electromagneticradiation

(e.g. x rays, gamma, cancer)

Front 17

Non-ionizing radiation

Back 17

•Not enough energy to cause ionization butthe atoms are excited

•usually non mutagenic

•causes heating

Hint 17

Long wavelength electromagnetic radiation

(e.g. less energy)

Front 18

Chemical Methods of ControllingMicroorganisms

Back 18

• Phenols • Alcohols

• Reducing agents • Halogens

•Oxidizing agents • Surfactants • Heavy metals

Front 19

Phenols

Back 19

• aromaticorganic compounds

• denatures protein & disrupt cell walls

• toxic

Hint 19

Smell sweet

Front 20

Alcohol

Back 20

· Organic compounds with a hydroxyl group(-OH) attached to an alkane (CH4)

· Activity decreases with chain length

· Denature proteins

·No Sporicidal action

Hint 20

Requires water (don't kill spores)

Front 21

Halogen

Back 21

·Elements in Group VII of the periodictable

·Oxidize proteins, damage nucleic (Hydrofluoric) acidstructure & synthesis

Hint 21

fluorine (F)

chlorine (Cl)

bromine (Br)

iodine (I)

astatine (At)

Front 22

Oxidizing Agents

Back 22

·releases free radicals

·denatures proteins

·little to no action on bacterial spores

Hint 22

Alcohol and hydrogen peroxide

Front 23

Reducing Agents

Back 23

·Aldehydes

·Effective on bacteria, fungi includingspores

·Mechanism of action is through alkylationof proteins and purines (adenine and guanine)

Hint 23

Kills everything we use in Cadavers

Front 24

Surfactants

Back 24

Lower the surface tension of aqueoussolutions

Hint 24

Lungs from collapases

Front 25

Anionic Surfactant

Back 25

soaps,detergents

Hint 25

Decrease surface area of waer lipids dissolves

Front 26

Cationic Surfactant

Back 26

•Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

•Denature proteins

•Disrupt cell membranes & changepermeability

Hint 26

Causes cell membrane to be leaky

Front 27

Heavy Metal Surfactant

Back 27

Precipitate proteins and interferes withmetabolic reactions

Hint 27

Silver, Gold and Nitrate